'Fishy' make-up on the hook for mercury exposure: a case series / Maquillaje 'sospechoso' de anzuelo para la exposición al mercurio: un estudio de serie de casos

OBJECTIVE: This report examines the source and outcome of four Barbadian women with extremely high hair mercury concentrations (361-5617 ug/g inorganic mercury) due to topical application of mercury containing skin-lightening cosmetics. METHODS: Inorganic hair and urine mercury analysis was done at the toxicological centre laboratory of the Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (Standard Council of Canada accredited). The clinical examinations were performed on location at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital of Barbados. RESULTS: Urine samples [7-135 ug/L, normal < 2 ug/L] revealed elevated mercury concentrations signifying systemic exposure. Reported symptoms during the clinical examination were consistent but nonspecific to chronic mercury exposure. CONCLUSION: Evidently, cosmetics containing dangerous levels of mercury are still available for purchase in Barbados and should be entirely banned.

OBJETIVO: Este reporte examina la fuente y evolución clínica de cuatro mujeres barbadenses con concentraciones de mercurio extremadamente altas (mercurio inorgánico de 361-5617 ug/g) en el pelo debido a la aplicación tópica de cosméticos para el aclaramiento de la piel, que contienen mercurio. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un análisis del mercurio inorgánico en el cabello y la orina, en el laboratorio del centro toxicológico del Institut National de Santé Publique du Quebec (acreditado por el Consejo de Normalización de Canadá). Los exámenes clínicos fueron realizados en el Hospital Queen Elizabeth de Barbados. RESULTADOS: Las muestras de orina [7-135 ug/L, normal < 2 ug/L] revelaron concentraciones elevadas de mercurio, indicando una exposición sistémica. Los síntomas reportados durante el examen clínico se correspondían, aunque no deforma específica, con una exposición crónica al mercurio. CONCLUSIÓN: Evidentemente, cosméticos que contienen niveles peligrosos de mercurio se hallan todavía disponibles a la venta en Barbados, y deben ser totalmente prohibidos.

Use of folk tests to detect ciguateric fish: a scientific evaluation of their effectiveness in Raivavae Island (Australes, French Polynesia).

Ciguatera fish poisoning is a seafood intoxication commonly afflicting island communities in the Pacific. These populations, which are strongly dependent on fish resources, have developed over centuries various strategies to decrease the risk of intoxication, including the use of folk tests to detect ciguateric fish. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of two folk tests commonly used in Raivavae Island (Australes, French Polynesia): the rigor mortis test (RMT) and the bleeding test (BT). A total of 107 fish were collected in Raivavae Lagoon, among which 80 were tested by five testers using the RMT versus 107 tested by four testers using BT. First, the performance between testers was compared. Second, the efficiency of these tests was compared with toxicity data obtained via the receptor binding assay (RBA) by assessing various parameter's values such as sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). Comparisons of outcomes between folk tests and RBA analyses were considered: tests used separately or in a parallel versus the series approach by each tester. The overall efficiency of the RMT and BT tests was also evaluated when the judgments of all testers were "pooled". The results demonstrate that efficiencies varied between testers with one showing the best scores in detecting toxic fish: 55% with RMT and 69.2% with BT. BT gave the best results in detecting toxic fish as compared with RMT, giving also better agreement between testers. If high NPV and Se values were to be privileged, the data also suggest that the best way to limit cases of intoxication would be to use RMT and BT tests in a parallel approach. The use of traditional knowledge and a good knowledge of risky versus healthy fishing areas may help reduce the risk of intoxication among communities where ciguatera fish poisoning is highly prevalent.

'Fishy' Make-up on the Hook for Mercury Exposure: A Case Series.

OBJECTIVE: This report examines the source and outcome of four Barbadian women with extremely high hair mercury concentrations (361-5617 µg/g inorganic mercury) due to topical application of mercury containing skin-lightening cosmetics. METHODS: Inorganic hair and urine mercury analysis was done at the toxicological centre laboratory of the Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (Standard Council of Canada accredited). The clinical examinations were performed on location at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital of Barbados. RESULTS: Urine samples [7-135 µg/L, normal < 2 µg/L] revealed elevated mercury concentrations signifying systemic exposure. Reported symptoms during the clinical examination were consistent but nonspecific to chronic mercury exposure. CONCLUSION: Evidently, cosmetics containing dangerous levels of mercury are still available for purchase in Barbados and should be entirely banned.