Matrix metalloproteinase-3 gene polymorphism in renal transplant patients with gingival overgrowth.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Gingival enlargement frequently occurs in transplant patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs. It was hypothesized that gingival enlargement associated with cyclosporine use results from reduced degradation of extracellular matrix in the gingiva. Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) is involved in biodegradation of the extracellular matrix, and its inhibition may contribute to an abnormal accumulation of fibronectin and proteoglycans, which are MMP-3 substrates. The aim of this study was to investigate whether an association exists between MMP-3 genotypes and gingival enlargement in kidney transplant patients medicated with cyclosporine A. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty-four unrelated kidney transplant patients suffering from gingival overgrowth, as well as 111 control transplant patients without gingival overgrowth, were enrolled in the study. Gingival overgrowth was assessed 6 mo after transplantation. During the post-transplant period all patients were given cyclosporine A as a principal immunosuppressive agent. MMP-3 polymorphism was determined using a PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. RESULTS: In kidney transplant patients suffering from gingival overgrowth the mean gingival overgrowth score was 1.35 +/- 0.57, whereas in control subjects the mean gingival overgrowth score was 0.0. The distribution of MMP-3-1178A/dupA alleles among all kidney transplant patients, as well as in the two study subgroups, did not differ significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The frequency of the MMP-3-1171A/A genotype (28.1% for gingival overgrowth vs. 26.1% for controls) and of the MMP-3-1171dupA/dupA genotype (32.8% for gingival overgrowth vs. 22.5% for controls) was similar for both study groups. The risk of gingival overgrowth was lowest among patients carrying the MMP-3-1171A/dupA genotype (odds ratio 0.52), but this did not differ markedly from the other genotypes. CONCLUSION: No association between MMP-3 gene polymorphism and gingival overgrowth was revealed in kidney transplant patients administered cyclosporine A.

SPARC gene polymorphism in renal transplant patients with gingival overgrowth.

BACKGROUND: Gingival enlargement frequently occurs in transplant patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs. It was hypothesized that gingival enlargement associated with cyclosporin use results from increases in the number of fibroblasts and the volume of extracellular matrix. SPARC (secreted protein, acidic, and rich in cysteine) regulates cell-matrix interactions, binding to structural matrix proteins, and is induced by cyclosporin A (CsA). The aim of the study was to determine whether there is an association between SPARC genotypes and gingival enlargement in kidney transplant patients given CsA. METHODS: Sixty-two unrelated kidney transplant patients with gingival overgrowth and 124 control transplant patients without overgrowth were enrolled into the study. Gingival overgrowth was assessed at 6 months after transplantation. All patients were given CsA as a principal immunosuppressive agent during the post-transplant period. SPARC polymorphism was determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragments length polymorphism assay. RESULTS: In kidney transplant patients with gingival overgrowth, the mean score of gingival overgrowth was 1.42+/-0.63, whereas in control subjects it was 0. The distribution of SPARC 998C>G alleles among all kidney transplant patients, as well as in the two study subgroups, did not differ significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The frequencies of the 998G allele (24.2% versus 18.5%) and of 998G allele carriers (40.3% versus 33.1%) among individuals with gingival overgrowth was higher compared to the control group, but the differences did not reach the statistical difference. The risk for gingival overgrowth was highest among patients carrying the 998GG genotype (OR 2.25), but it did not differ significantly from the risks associated with the other genotypes. CONCLUSION: No association between SPARC gene polymorphism and gingival overgrowth was revealed in kidney transplant patients who were administered CsA.

Polymorphism in interleukin-1beta gene and the risk of periodontitis in a Polish population.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to explore an association between IL-1B polymorphism and periodontal disease in patients with chronic periodontitis and subjects with aggressive periodontitis in a Polish population. In multivariate logistic regression the association of the following parameters: genotype, age, sex, smoking status, and approximal space plaque index (API) > 50% with the risk of periodontitis was analyzed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-two unrelated patients suffering from periodontitis, 20 of them with generalized aggressive periodontitis and 32 with generalized advanced chronic periodontitis were enrolled into the study. Control group consisted of 52 healthy volunteers, without signs of periodontitis. IL-1B(+3954) polymorphism was determined using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the distribution of IL-1B(+3954) genotypes and alleles between periodontal patients either with chronic or aggressive periodontitis and the controls. A predisposing genotype consisting of allele 2 was carried by 34.4% of subjects with chronic periodontitis, 25.0% of subjects with aggressive periodontitis, and 40.3% of healthy subjects. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed significant association of age (p = 0.003), smoking (p =0.03), and API > 50% (p = 0.002) with the appearance of aggressive periodontitis, as well as API > 50% (p < 0.001) with chronic periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed no association of IL-1B polymorphism and the risk of aggressive and chronic periodontitis. The risk of aggressive periodontitis was significantly associated with age, smoking, and oral hygiene where as chronic periodontitis with oral hygiene only.

Interleukin-6 gene polymorphism in renal transplant patients with and without gingival overgrowth.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is an association between genotypes of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and gingival overgrowth in kidney transplant patients. METHODS: Sixty-three unrelated kidney transplant patients suffering from gingival overgrowth as well 125 control transplant patients without overgrowth were enrolled into the study. Gingival overgrowth was assessed by two independent periodontal specialists at 6 months after transplantation. During the post-transplant period, all patients were given medication, which included cyclosporin A, diltiazem or verapamil, prednisone, and azathioprine. IL-6 polymorphism was determined using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. RESULTS: In kidney transplant patients suffering from gingival overgrowth mean score of gingival overgrowth was 1.41+/-0.64, whereas in control subjects it was 0.0. Patients with gingival overgrowth induced by immunosuppressive medication were characterized by genotypes similar to the controls distribution of IL-6. There were no significant differences of analyzed genotypes' distribution, i.e. -174G/G, -174G/C and -174C/C between patients with gingival overgrowth 33.3%, 39.7%, 27.0% and without gingival overgrowth 30.4%, 49.6% and 20.0%, respectively. The risk of gingival overgrowth was the highest among patients carrying -174C/C genotype (OR 1.48), but did not differ markedly from the other genotypes, i.e. -174G/G (OR 1.15) and -74G/C (OR 0.67). Similar to genotypes, the distribution of alleles was similar in patients with gingival overgrowth and healthy gingiva. The -174G allele was found in 53.2% and 46.8% of subjects whereas -174C allele was revealed in 46.8% and 44.8% of patients with and without gingival overgrowth, respectively. The evaluated risk of gingival overgrowth in patients with -174G allele was 1.09 versus those with healthy gingiva. The medication regimen administered in both groups of the study was comparable. CONCLUSION: No association between the IL-6 gene polymorphism and gingival overgrowth was revealed in kidney transplant patients administered cyclosporin A as a principal immunosuppressive agent.

P-glycoprotein drug transporter MDR1 gene polymorphism in renal transplant patients with and without gingival overgrowth.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is association between genotypes of drug transporter multidrug resistant (MDR)1 gene coding drug transporter P-glycoprotein and gingival overgrowth in kidney transplant patients. METHODS: Fifty-four unrelated kidney transplant patients suffering from gingival overgrowth as well 120 control transplant patients without overgrowth were enrolled into the study. Gingival overgrowth was assessed by two independent periodontal specialists at 6 months after transplantation. During the post-transplant period all patients were given medication, which included cyclosporine A, diltiazem or verapamil, prednisone, azathioprine. MDR1 C3435T polymorphism was determined using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. RESULTS: In kidney transplant patients suffering from gingival overgrowth mean score of gingival overgrowth was 1.43 +/- 0.63, whereas in control subjects was 0.0. Patients with gingival overgrowth induced by immunosuppressive medication were characterized by similar distribution of MDR1 genotypes. There were no significant differences of 3435CC, 20.4% and 22.5%, 3435CT, 61.1% and 54.2% and 3435TT, 18.5% and 23.3% genotypes (frequencies) between patients with and without gingival overgrowth. The risk of gingival overgrowth was the highest among patients carrying 3435CT genotype (OD 1.33), but did not differ markedly from the other genotypes, i.e. 3435CC (OD 0.88) and 3435TT (OD 0.75). Likewise to genotypes, distribution of alleles was similar in patients with gingival overgrowth and healthy gingiva. The wild-type allele 3435C was found in 50.9% and 49.6% of subjects whereas the mutated allele 3435T was revealed in 49.1% and 50.4% of patients with and without gingival overgrowth, respectively. The evaluated risk of gingival overgrowth in patients with 3435C allele was 1.06 versus 0.95 in those with healthy gingiva. The medication regimen administered in both groups of the study was comparable. Immunohistochemical studies revealed expression of P-glycoprotein in ducts of the salivary gland. CONCLUSION: No association between the MDR1 gene polymorphism and gingival overgrowth was revealed in kidney transplant patients administered cyclosporine A as a principal immunosuppressive agent. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of P-glycoprotein in drug transport in salivary glands.