Cryopreservation of apple in vitro axillary buds using droplet-vitrification.

In vitro axillary buds of two apple cultivars, Pinova and Jonagold, were successfully cryopreserved by droplet-vitrification. In vitro axillary buds of cv. Pinova were subjected to PVS2 for 15, 30, 45, 60, 80 or 100 min, while Jonagold buds were treated with PVS2 for 15, 30, 45 or 60 min. In addition, the effect of age of in vitro mother-plants on recovery after cryopreservation was evaluated. Recovery was performed on medium with various combinations of BA, IBA and GA3. Regrowth percentages for cv. Pinova increased in line with increasing PVS2 exposure durations, from 15 to 60 min. Cv. Jonagold showed a similar trend with an increase in regrowth from 30 to 60 min PVS2 exposure. Improved regrowth was observed when axillary buds were excised from aged mother-plants in comparison to those excised from plantlets that were regularly subcultured. The highest shoot regrowth was obtained when applying a 60 min PVS2 treatment to axillary buds excised from non-preconditioned 4-month old in vitro shoots and performing regrowth on recovery medium containing 4.50 microM BA and 0.50 microM IBA. This optimal protocol was also successfully applied to apple rootstocks M26 and Jork 9.

[Value of jejunostomy for immediate postoperative feeding in digestive surgery in elderly patients]. / Intérêts de la jéjunostomie d'alimentation post-opératoire immédiate dans la chirurgie digestive chez le troisième âge.

Without aiming at expanding this complementary method of enteral feeding to any seriously operated on people, the authors restrict this nutritional process to the patients operated on upper mesocolon - stomach-duodenal and biliary-liver visceral lesions - whether they are neoplastic, ulcerous or lithiasic, without reminding its current use in the esophagus surgery.

[Colo-duodenal fistula caused by cancer of the right colonic flexure treated by right extended hemicolectomy associated with a mucosal patch using a terminal ileal pedicled graft. Apropos of a case]. / Fistule colo-duodénale par cancer de l'angle colique droit traitée par hémicolectomie droite élargie associée au patch muqueux par greffon iléal terminal pédiculé. A propos d'un cas.

A considerable loss of substance of the duodenal wall makes its repair very difficult especially if this exceeds two-thirds of its circumference and is located around its entire second portion. Such a pathological or traumatic localization calls for extensive surgery-cephalic duodenopancreatectomy requiring several gastrojejunal, biliodigestive and the pancreaticodigestive shunts. If straightforward repair was possible, this could lead to stenosis and to a fistula producing complications and the death of the patient through peritonitis and hydroelectrolytic and metabolic imbalance. The mucous patch seems to us the last and only solution after other known techniques.