LEAFY and APETALA1 down-regulate ZINC FINGER PROTEIN 1 and 8 to release their repression on class B and C floral homeotic genes.

Organ initiation from the shoot apical meristem first gives rise to leaves during vegetative development and then flowers during reproductive development. LEAFY (LFY) is activated after floral induction and together with other factors promotes the floral program. LFY functions redundantly with APETALA1 (AP1) to activate the class B genes APETALA3 (AP3) and PISTILLATA (PI), the class C gene AGAMOUS (AG), and the class E gene SEPALLATA3, which leads to the specification of stamens and carpels, the reproductive organs of flowers. Molecular and genetic networks that control the activation of AP3, PI, and AG in flowers have been well studied; however, much less is known about how these genes are repressed in leaves and how their repression is lifted in flowers. Here, we showed that two genes encoding Arabidopsis C2H2 ZINC FINGER PROTEIN (ZFP) transcription factors, ZP1 and ZFP8, act redundantly to directly repress AP3, PI, and AG in leaves. After LFY and AP1 are activated in floral meristems, they down-regulate ZP1 and ZFP8 directly to lift the repression on AP3, PI, and AG. Our results reveal a mechanism for how floral homeotic genes are repressed and derepressed before and after floral induction.

Leaf Development in Medicago truncatula.

Forage yield is largely dependent on leaf development, during which the number of leaves, leaflets, leaf size, and shape are determined. In this mini-review, we briefly summarize recent studies of leaf development in Medicago truncatula, a model plant for legumes, with a focus on factors that could affect biomass of leaves. These include: floral development and related genes, lateral organ boundary genes, auxin biosynthesis, transportation and signaling genes, and WOX related genes.