Enhancing Wheat Gluten Content and Processing Quality: An Analysis of Drip Irrigation Nitrogen Frequency.

Drip irrigation is a water-saving and fertilizer-saving application technology used in recent years, with which the frequency of drip irrigation nitrogen application has not yet been determined. In order to investigate the effects of different drip irrigation nitrogen application frequencies on the processing quality of medium-gluten wheat (Jimai22) and strong-gluten wheat (Jimai20 and Shiluan02-1), a two-year field experiment was carried out. Two frequencies of water and N application were set under the same conditions of total N application (210 kg·ha-1) and total irrigation (120 mm): DIF4, consisting of four equal applications of water and N (each of 30 kg·ha-1 of N application and 30 mm of irrigation) and DIF2, consisting of two equal applications of water and N (each of 60 kg·ha-1 of N application and 60 mm of irrigation). The results showed that IF4 significantly increased protein content by 2-8.6%, wet gluten content by 4.5-22.1%, and hardness value (p > 0.05), and PC2 was considered as a protein factor; the sedimentation value was highly significantly correlated with most of the parameters of the flour stretch (p < 0.01). DIF4 improved the stretching quality, and the flour quality of Jima22 was decreased, the flour quality of strong-gluten wheats Jimai20 and Shiluan02-1 was improved, and PC1 was considered to be the dough factor. In conclusion, although the frequency of nitrogen application by drip irrigation increased the protein factor and improved the tensile quality, the flour quality was not necessarily enhanced.

Circadian rhythm in cardiovascular diseases: a bibliometric analysis of the past, present, and future.

BACKGROUND: One of the most prominent features of living organisms is their circadian rhythm, which governs a wide range of physiological processes and plays a critical role in maintaining optimal health and function in response to daily environmental changes. This work applied bibliometric analysis to explore quantitative and qualitative trends in circadian rhythm in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). It also aims to identify research hotspots and provide fresh suggestions for future research. METHODS: The Web of Science Core Collection was used to search the data on circadian rhythm in CVD. HistCite, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer were used for bibliometric analysis and visualization. The analysis included the overall distribution of yearly outputs, top nations, active institutions and authors, core journals, co-cited references, and keywords. To assess the quality and efficacy of publications, the total global citation score (TGCS) and total local citation score (TLCS) were calculated. RESULTS: There were 2102 papers found to be associated with the circadian rhythm in CVD, with the overall number of publications increasing year after year. The United States had the most research citations and was the most prolific country. Hermida RC, Young ME, and Ayala DE were the top three writers. The three most notable journals on the subject were Chronobiology International, Hypertension Research, and Hypertension. In the early years, the major emphasis of circadian rhythm in CVD was hormones. Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and myocardial infarction were the top developing research hotspots. CONCLUSION: Circadian rhythm in CVD has recently received a lot of interest from the medical field. These topics, namely inflammation, atherosclerosis, and myocardial infarction, are critical areas of investigation for understanding the role of circadian rhythm in CVD. Although they may not be future research priorities, they remain of significant importance. In addition, how to implement these chronotherapy theories in clinical practice will depend on additional clinical trials to get sufficient trustworthy clinical evidence.

Trends in mitochondrial unfolded protein response research from 2004 to 2022: A bibliometric analysis.

The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is a stress response pathway that regulates the expression of mitochondrial chaperones, proteases, and other proteins involved in protein folding and degradation, thereby ensuring proper mitochondrial function. In addition to this critical function, the UPRmt also plays a role in other cellular processes such as mitochondrial biogenesis, energy metabolism, and cellular signaling. Moreover, the UPRmt is strongly associated with various diseases. From 2004 to 2022, there has been a lot of interest in UPRmt. The present study aims to utilized bibliometric tools to assess the genesis, current areas of focus, and research trends pertaining to UPRmt, thereby highlighting avenues for future research. There were 442 papers discovered to be related to UPRmt, with the overall number of publications rising yearly. International Journal of Molecular Sciences was the most prominent journal in this field. 2421 authors from 1,402 institutions in 184 nations published studies on UPRmt. The United States was the most productive country (197 documents). The top three authors were Johan Auwerx, Cole M Haynes, and Dongryeol Ryu. The early focus of UPRmt is "protein." And then the UPRmt research shifted from Caenorhabditis elegans back to mammals, and its close link to aging and various diseases. The top emerging research hotspots are neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic diseases. These findings provide the trends and frontiers in the field of UPRmt, and valuable information for clinicians and scientists to identify new perspectives with potential collaborators and cooperative countries.

A Task Complexity Analysis Method to Study the Emergency Situation under Automated Metro System.

System upgrades and team members interactions lead to changes in task structure. Therefore, in order to handle emergencies efficiently and safely, a comprehensive method of the traffic dispatching team task complexity (TDTTC) is proposed based on team cognitive work analysis (Team-CWA) and network feature analysis. The method comes from the perspective of the socio-technical system. Two stages were included in this method. In the first stage, four phases of Team-CWA, i.e., team work domain analysis, team control task analysis, team strategies analysis, and team worker competencies analysis, were applied in the qualitative analysis of TDTTC. Then in the second stage, a mapping process was established based on events and information cues. After the team task network was established, the characteristic indexes of node degree/average degree, average shortest path length, agglomeration coefficient, and overall network performance for TDTTC were extracted to analyze TDTTC quantitatively. The cases of tasks for screen door fault under grade of automation GOA1-GOA4 were compared. The results revealed that the more nodes and communication between nodes, the larger the network scale was, which would lead to the TDTTC being more complicated no matter what level of automation system it was under. This method is not only the exploration of cognitive engineering theory in the field of task complexity, but also the innovation of team task complexity in the development of automatic metro operation.

Cardiac Remodeling in Heart Failure: Role of Pyroptosis and Its Therapeutic Implications.

Pyroptosis is a kind of programmed cell death closely related to inflammation. The pathways that mediate pyroptosis can be divided into the Caspase-1-dependent canonical pathway and the Caspase4/5/11-dependent non-canonical pathway. The most significant difference from other cell death is that pyroptosis rapidly causes rupture of the plasma membrane, cell expansion, dissolution and rupture of the cell membrane, the release of cell contents and a large number of inflammatory factors, and send pro-inflammatory signals to adjacent cells, recruit inflammatory cells and induce inflammatory responses. Cardiac remodeling is the basic mechanism of heart failure (HF) and the core of pathophysiological research on the underlying mechanism. A large number of studies have shown that pyroptosis can cause cardiac fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyocytes death, myocardial dysfunction, excessive inflammation, and cardiac remodeling. Therefore, targeting pyroptosis has a good prospect in improving cardiac remodeling in HF. In this review, the basic molecular mechanism of pyroptosis is summarized, the relationship between pyroptosis and cardiac remodeling in HF is analyzed in-depth, and the potential therapy of targeting pyroptosis to improve adverse cardiac remodeling in HF is discussed, providing some ideas for improving the study of adverse cardiac remodeling in HF.

Heart Transplantation: A Bibliometric Review From 1990-2021.

As the rapidly aging population and the rising incidence of end-stage heart failure, extensive research has been conducted on heart transplantation (HTx). Bibliometrics harbors the function for describing the relationships of knowledge structures in different research fields and predicting the growth trend. The publications were searched and filtered based on the Web of Science core database. The target literature was visualized and analyzed by CiteSpace or VOSviewer. In total, 19,998 published papers were obtained. There is a wave-like growth in HTx development. Most advanced research results are concentrated in a few developed countries, while the interactions with developing countries are still in infancy. The United States occupies a strong dominant position among active countries on HTx. Early research hotpots mostly focused on primary disease, survival risk factors, and complications. In recent years, the research frontiers have shifted steadily to clinical evaluation of immunosuppressants and diagnosis of acute rejection, cardiac re-injury with coronavirus disease 2019, innovations in ventricular assist devices, and donation allocation strategies. The research directions of HTx are gradually shifting from observational studies to intervention research.

Decoupling the Positive and Negative Aging Processes of Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes Using a Thin Interlayer of Ionic Liquid.

A positive aging phenomenon, that is, enhancement of the electroluminescence performance at the beginning of electrical aging, is commonly observed for the state-of-the-art perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). The origins of positive aging could fundamentally interfere with those of the operational deterioration processes of PeLEDs (namely negative aging), bringing difficulty in analyzing the degradation mechanisms. This work decouples the positive and negative aging processes of PeLEDs by inserting a thin ionic liquid interlayer between the hole-injection layer and the perovskite layer. This interlayer inhibits ions migration by passivating the halogen vacancies of perovskite films and suppresses interfacial exciton quenching, enabling us to decouple the positive and negative aging processes of PeLEDs while increasing the device efficiency. Inserting an ionic liquid interlayer is also demonstrated to be effective for iodide-based PeLEDs and applicable with the use of other ionic liquids. Our work provides an ideal system for fundamental studies on the degradation mechanisms of PeLEDs.

Bibliometric analysis of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors channel research (2000-2020).

To explore the research status, hotspots, and trends in research on nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel. The Web of Science core collection database from 2000 to 2020 was used as the data source. The visual analysis software VOSviewer1.6.16 and Citespace5.7 R3 were used to visualize the studies of the nAChR channel. The national/institutional distribution, journal distribution, authors, and related research were discussed. A total of 5,794 articles were obtained. The USA and the Utah System of Higher Education were the most productive country and institution for nAChR channel research. Journal of Biological Chemistry was the most productive journal (212) and the most productive researcher was McIntosh, J. Michael. The first highly co-cited article was "Refined structure of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor at 4A resolution." The most researched area was neurosciences neurology. The hot spots of nAChR channel research were "subunit and structure of nAChR," "activation/agonist of nAChR channel," and "Changes in nAChRs With Alzheimer's Disease." The top three research frontiers of nAChR channel research were "neuropathic pain," "neuroinflammation," and "α7 nACHR." The study provides a perspective to visualize and analyze hotspots and emerging trends in the nAChR channel.

Study on antidepressant-like effect of protoilludane sesquiterpenoid aromatic esters from Armillaria Mellea.

Armillaria mellea, also known as Hazel mushroom, is a delicious food material and traditional herbal medicine in East Asia. Protoilludane sesquiterpenoid aromatic esters from A. mellea (PSAM) are the main active components with antibacterial and anticancer activities. This study explored the antidepressant-like activities of PSAM and its possible mechanisms of action using the open field test (OFT), tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST) in mice for the first time. The results revealed that PSAM (1 mg/kg, i.p.) exhibited markedly antidepressant-like activity, which could be reversed by pretreatment with haloperidol (a non-selective D2 receptor antagonist), bicuculline (a competitive GABA antagonist), NMDA (an agonist at the glutamate site). Meanwhile, PSAM also effectively increased the hippocampus dopamine (DA) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and decreased the hippocampus glutamate (Glu) levels of mice, indicating that the antidepressant-like effect of PSAM might be mediated by the DAergic, GABAergic and Gluergic systems.

A Cross-Layer Routing Protocol Based on Quasi-Cooperative Multi-Agent Learning for Multi-Hop Cognitive Radio Networks.

Transmission latency minimization and energy efficiency improvement are two main challenges in multi-hop Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN), where the knowledge of topology and spectrum statistics are hard to obtain. For this reason, a cross-layer routing protocol based on quasi-cooperative multi-agent learning is proposed in this study. Firstly, to jointly consider the end-to-end delay and power efficiency, a comprehensive utility function is designed to form a reasonable tradeoff between the two measures. Then the joint design problem is modeled as a Stochastic Game (SG), and a quasi-cooperative multi-agent learning scheme is presented to solve the SG, which only needs information exchange with previous nodes. To further enhance performance, experience replay is applied to the update of conjecture belief to break the correlations and reduce the variance of updates. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is superior to traditional algorithms leading to a shorter delay, lower packet loss ratio and higher energy efficiency, which is close to the performance of an optimum scheme.

A Kind of Joint Routing and Resource Allocation Scheme Based on Prioritized Memories-Deep Q Network for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks.

Cognitive Radio (CR) is a promising technology to overcome spectrum scarcity, which currently faces lots of unsolved problems. One of the critical challenges for setting up such systems is how to coordinate multiple protocol layers such as routing and spectrum access in a partially observable environment. In this paper, a deep reinforcement learning approach is adopted for solving above problem. Firstly, for the purpose of compressing huge action space in the cross-layer design problem, a novel concept named responsibility rating is introduced to help decide the transmission power of every Secondary User (SU). In order to deal with problem of dimension curse while reducing replay memory, the Prioritized Memories Deep Q-Network (PM-DQN) is proposed. Furthermore, PM-DQN is applied to solve the joint routing and resource allocation problem in cognitive radio ad hoc network for minimizing the transmission delay and power consumption. Simulation results illustrates that our proposed algorithm can reduce the end-to-end delay, packet loss ratio and estimation error while achieving higher energy efficiency compared with traditional algorithm.

Resistive switching of the HfO x /HfO2 bilayer heterostructure and its transmission characteristics as a synapse.

In this work, HfO x /HfO2 homo-bilayer structure based resistive random access memory devices were fabricated, and the resistive switching characteristics of the devices were investigated. The samples with an Ar/O2 ratio of 12 : 2 exhibited improved switching performance including better uniformity, endurance and retention, which was selected to imitate the "learning" and "forgetting" function of biological synapses. The multilevel conductance of the HfO x /HfO2 homo-bilayer structure under the model of pulse voltage suggests its potential to emulate the nonlinear transmission characteristics of the synapse, and a model of multilevel conductance of the HfO x /HfO2 homo-bilayer structure was proposed. The device conductance continuously increases (decreases) in accordance with the number of positive (negative) voltage pulses during the potentiation (depression) process, which can emulate the change of synaptic weight in a biological synapse.

Thermal Conductivity Performance of Polypropylene Composites Filled with Polydopamine-Functionalized Hexagonal Boron Nitride.

Mussel-inspired approach was attempted to non-covalently functionalize the surfaces of boron nitride (BN) with self-polymerized dopamine coatings in order to reduce the interfacial thermal barrier and enhance the thermal conductivity of BN-containing composites. Compared to the polypropylene (PP) composites filled with pristine BN at the same filler content, thermal conductivity was much higher for those filled with both functionalized BN (f-BN) and maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP-g-ma) due to the improved filler dispersion and better interfacial filler-matrix compatibility, which facilitated the development of more thermal paths. Theoretical models were also applied to predict the composite thermal conductivity in which the Nielsen model was found to fit well with the experimental results, and the estimated effective aspect ratio of fillers well corresponded to the degree of filler aggregation as observed in the morphological study.