Assuntos
Antibacterianos/efeitos adversos , Antipsicóticos/sangue , Claritromicina/efeitos adversos , Dibenzotiazepinas/sangue , Adulto , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Antipsicóticos/farmacocinética , Antipsicóticos/intoxicação , Claritromicina/uso terapêutico , Dibenzotiazepinas/farmacocinética , Dibenzotiazepinas/intoxicação , Interações Medicamentosas , Overdose de Drogas , Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/complicações , Síndrome Metabólica/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos Psicóticos/complicações , Transtornos Psicóticos/tratamento farmacológico , Fumarato de QuetiapinaRESUMO
This study examined the underlying dimensions of the Pay Satisfaction Questionnaire to test whether the robust 4-factor structure (Pay Level, Benefits, Raises, and Structure or Administration) often established in the United States can be generalized to other countries and cultures as well. Data of 4 samples (for-profit employees, nonprofit nurses, cultural centre employees, and nonprofit teachers) were analysed with confirmatory factor analyses. The results for the first 3 samples yielded support for the original 4-factor structure of the Pay Satisfaction Questionnaire. In the teachers' sample, the irrelevant Benefits items were excluded from the analysis, resulting in a 3-factor structure of pay satisfaction.
Assuntos
Renda/estatística & dados numéricos , Satisfação Pessoal , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto , Bélgica , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
We sought to determine sensitivity of the cortical impact injury model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) to severity of injury and to treatment. We examined the pattern of motor and cognitive deficits and recovery following TBI over a range of injury severities, and examined the efficacy of surface-induced moderate hypothermia at three disparate injury levels. In experiment I, Sprague-Dawley rats were injured at one of eight injury severity levels from 0 mm (sham) to 2.5 mm depth of penetration. On postinjury day 1, balance beam, rotorod performance, and posture reflexes were evaluated. Motor outcome was increasingly impaired with increasing injury levels, with the pattern of deficits showing a step-like function. Cognitive deficits, assessed using water maze on day 7, were more severe for the 2.5-mm group than for the 1.6-mm injury group, while the 1.0-mm group did not differ from the sham controls. In experiments II-IV, hypothermia, 30 degrees C for 3-h duration or normothermia was applied to three injury levels: 1.0 mm, the least cortical deformation; 2.5 mm, the most deformation; and 1.6 mm, representing a level in-between. Neurologic outcome was assessed relative to shams on postinjury days 1, 3, and 5. The 1.0-mm group exhibited small deficits that recovered completely by day 3; the 1.6-mm group recovered to the level of shams by day 5, and the 2.5-mm group did not show significant recovery during the testing period. Hypothermia effectively attenuated behavioral deficits for the 1.6-mm group, but had no effect on the other two groups. These three observations--that increasing injury severity is associated with increasing motor and cognitive deficits, that injury severity is related to recovery time, and that hypothermia treatment is selectively effective--have each been reported in the human TBI population; thus, moderate cortical impact injury in rats may be a model with clinical predictability for evaluating neuroprotective therapies.