How often does homelessness precede criminal arrest in veterans? Results from the U.S. survey of prison inmates.

Research has shown links between homelessness and criminal legal involvement in military veterans. The present study aimed to determine the magnitude and directionality of this association by investigating the incidence of, and factors associated with, homelessness preceding criminal arrest among veterans. Data on incarcerated veterans (N = 1,602) were analyzed from the 2016 Survey of Prison Inmates conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics. In this survey, 27% of incarcerated veterans reported homelessness 12 months before criminal arrest. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, higher odds of experiencing homelessness preceding criminal arrest were associated with younger age, non-White race, substance use disorder (with or without serious mental illness [SMI]), history of previous arrests, parental history of incarceration, and history of homelessness before age 18. These factors were found to be the same for nonveterans, as were rates of homelessness before arrest. However, incarcerated veterans were more likely to have mental disorders, including SMI, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and personality disorders. In contrast, incarcerated nonveterans were more likely to have a criminal history, including past arrests, parental incarceration, and juvenile detention. Although policymakers may be aware that some veterans they serve are at risk of criminal legal involvement, these national data reveal the magnitude and directionality of this problem: more than one in four incarcerated veterans experienced homelessness before criminal arrest. Identifying characteristics of veterans who experienced homelessness before criminal arrest directly informs service providers of demographic, historical, and clinical factors to evaluate and address to prevent criminal legal involvement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

The contribution of guilt sensitivity in the prediction of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptom dimensions: Replication and extension.

BACKGROUND: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with particular cognitive processes, such as beliefs about the importance of intrusive thoughts. The present study examined the explanatory power of guilt sensitivity to OCD symptom dimensions after controlling for well-established cognitive predictors. METHODS: 164 patients with OCD completed self-reported measures of OCD and depressive symptoms, obsessive beliefs, and guilt sensitivity. Bivariate correlations were examined, and latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to generate groups based on symptom severity scores. Differences in guilt sensitivity were examined across latent profiles. RESULTS: Guilt sensitivity was most strongly associated with unacceptable thoughts and responsibility for harm OCD symptoms, and moderately with symmetry. After controlling for depression and obsessive beliefs, guilt sensitivity added explanatory power to the prediction of unacceptable thoughts. LPA identified 3 profiles; profile-based subgroups significantly differed from one another in terms of guilt sensitivity, depression, and obsessive beliefs. CONCLUSIONS: Guilt sensitivity is relevant to various OCD symptom dimensions. Above and beyond depression and obsessive beliefs, guilt sensitivity contributed to the explanation of repugnant obsessions. Theory, research, and treatment implications are discussed.

Experimental Validation of ARFI Surveillance of Subcutaneous Hemorrhage (ASSH) Using Calibrated Infusions in a Tissue-Mimicking Model and Dogs.

Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) Surveillance of Subcutaneous Hemorrhage (ASSH) has been previously demonstrated to differentiate bleeding phenotype and responses to therapy in dogs and humans, but to date, the method has lacked experimental validation. This work explores experimental validation of ASSH in a poroelastic tissue-mimic and in vivo in dogs. The experimental design exploits calibrated flow rates and infusion durations of evaporated milk in tofu or heparinized autologous blood in dogs. The validation approach enables controlled comparisons of ASSH-derived bleeding rate (BR) and time to hemostasis (TTH) metrics. In tissue-mimicking experiments, halving the calibrated flow rate yielded ASSH-derived BRs that decreased by 44% to 48%. Furthermore, for calibrated flow durations of 5.0 minutes and 7.0 minutes, average ASSH-derived TTH was 5.2 minutes and 7.0 minutes, respectively, with ASSH predicting the correct TTH in 78% of trials. In dogs undergoing calibrated autologous blood infusion, ASSH measured a 3-minute increase in TTH, corresponding to the same increase in the calibrated flow duration. For a measured 5% decrease in autologous infusion flow rate, ASSH detected a 7% decrease in BR. These tissue-mimicking and in vivo preclinical experimental validation studies suggest the ASSH BR and TTH measures reflect bleeding dynamics.