RESUMO
In the version of this article originally published, an author was missing from the author list. Alexander J. Lazar should have been included between Jorge M. Blando and James P. Allison. The author has been added to the list, and the author contributions section has been updated to include Alexander J. Lazar's contribution to the study. The error has been corrected in the print, PDF and HTML versions of the manuscript.
RESUMO
We report the first case series of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI)-associated colitis successfully treated with fecal microbiota transplantation, with reconstitution of the gut microbiome and a relative increase in the proportion of regulatory T-cells within the colonic mucosa. These preliminary data provide evidence that modulation of the gut microbiome may abrogate ICI-associated colitis.
Assuntos
Colite/terapia , Transplante de Microbiota Fecal/métodos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Ipilimumab/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Antígeno CTLA-4/antagonistas & inibidores , Antígeno CTLA-4/imunologia , Antígeno CTLA-4/uso terapêutico , Colite/induzido quimicamente , Colite/imunologia , Colite/microbiologia , Feminino , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/imunologia , Humanos , Sistema Imunitário/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Imunitário/microbiologia , Mucosa Intestinal/imunologia , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiologia , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/imunologia , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/uso terapêutico , Linfócitos T Reguladores/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/microbiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) is increasingly diagnosed in children in community settings. This study aims to assess recent antibiotic use and other risk factors in children with community-associated (CA-) CDAD compared with children with other diarrheal illnesses in a tertiary care setting. METHODS: Children with CA-CDAD evaluated at Texas Children's Hospital (Houston, TX) from January 1, 2012 to June 30, 2013 were identified. Two control subjects with community-associated diarrhea who tested negative for C. difficile were matched to case subjects. Data on demographics, medication exposure and outpatient healthcare encounters were collected from medical records. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of pediatric CA-CDAD. RESULTS: Of 69 CA-CDAD cases, most (62.3%) had an underlying chronic medical condition and 40.6% had antibiotic exposure within 30 days of illness. However, no traditional risk factor for CDAD was identified in 23.2% and 15.9% of CA-CDAD cases within 30 and 90 days of illness onset, respectively. Outpatient healthcare encounters within 30 days were more common among CA-CDAD cases than control subjects (66.7% vs. 48.6%; P = 0.01). In the final multivariate model, CA-CDAD was associated with cephalosporin use within 30 days [odds ratio: 3.32; 95% confidence interval: 1.10-10.01] and the presence of a gastrointestinal feeding device (odds ratio: 2.59; 95% confidence interval: 1.07-6.30). CONCLUSIONS: Recent use of cephalosporins and the presence of gastrointestinal feeding devices are important risk factors for community- associated CDAD in children. Reduction in the use of outpatient antibiotics may decrease the burden of CA-CDAD in children.
