[Site-specific PCR identification of animal species and formula particles of Scorpio].

Scorpio, a commonly used animal medicine in China, is derived from Buthus martensii as recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. China harbors rich species of Scorpionida and adulterants exist in the raw medicinal material and deep-processed products of Scorpio. The microscopic characteristics of the deep-processed products may be incomplete or lost during processing, which makes the identification difficult. In this study, the maximum likelihood(ML) tree was constructed based on the morphology and cytochrome C oxidase subunit I(COⅠ) to identify the species of Scorpio products. The results showed that the main adulterant of Scorpio was Lychas mucronatus. According to the specific SNP sites in the COⅠ sequence of B. martensii, the stable primers were designed for the identification of the medicinal material and formula granules of Scorpio. The polymerase chain reaction(PCR) at the annealing temperature of 61 ℃ and 30 cycles produced bright specific bands at about 150 bp for both B. martensii and its formula particles and no band for adulterants. The adaptability of the method was investigated, which showed that the bands at about 150 bp were produced for Scorpio medicinal material, lyophilized powder, and formula granules, and commercially available formula granules. The results showed that the established method could be used to identify the adulterants of Scorpio and its formula granules, which could help to improve the quality control system and ensure the safe clinical application of Scorpio formula granules.

[Spectral characteristics of dissolved organic matter and its environmental responses across successional stages in a glacier retreat area]. / å†°å·é€€ç¼©åŒºä¸åŒæ¼”æ›¿é˜¶æ®µåœŸå£¤æº¶è§£æ€§æœ‰æœºè´¨å ‰è°±ç‰¹å¾åŠçŽ¯å¢ƒå“åº”.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM), the most active type of soil organic matter, plays a key role in soil biogeochemical cycling. Therefore, exploring the source, composition, environmental response, and accumulation mechanism of DOM during vegetation succession has great significance for predicting soil carbon cycling. In this study, DOM was extracted from topsoil and subsoil at plots after 12, 30, 40, 50, 80, and 120 years of primary succession along the Hailuogou Glacier retreat area. The concentrations and spectral characteristics of DOM were analyzed via a combination of elemental analysis, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and three-dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy. The results showed that concentrations of soil dissolved organic carbon and dissolved organic nitrogen of both topsoil and subsoil increased significantly during vegetation succession. Along the chronosequence, the protein-like components and optical indices were significantly enhanced, humic-like components and the optical indices decreased, the aromaticity degree of DOM increased first and then decreased. Soil pH and NH4+-N content explained 62.2% of the total variation of surface soil DOM components, while soil moisture and pH explained 64.3% of that of subsurface soil DOM, indicating that environmental conditions were key factors affecting the concentrations and composition of soil DOM in the Hailuogou Glacier retreat area.