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1.
Front Hum Neurosci ; 14: 284, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33173472

RESUMO

Emotional decoding and automatic identification of major depressive disorder (MDD) are helpful for the timely diagnosis of the disease. Electroencephalography (EEG) is sensitive to changes in the functional state of the human brain, showing its potential to help doctors diagnose MDD. In this paper, an approach for identifying MDD by fusing interhemispheric asymmetry and cross-correlation with EEG signals is proposed and tested on 32 subjects [16 patients with MDD and 16 healthy controls (HCs)]. First, the structural features and connectivity features of the θ-, α-, and ß-frequency bands are extracted on the preprocessed and segmented EEG signals. Second, the structural feature matrix of the θ-, α-, and ß-frequency bands are added to and subtracted from the connectivity feature matrix to obtain mixed features. Finally, the structural features, connectivity features, and the mixed features are fed to three classifiers to select suitable features for the classification, and it is found that our mode achieves the best classification results using the mixed features. The results are also compared with those from some state-of-the-art methods, and we achieved an accuracy of 94.13%, a sensitivity of 95.74%, a specificity of 93.52%, and an F1-score (f1) of 95.62% on the data from Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University. The study could be generalized to develop a system that may be helpful in clinical purposes.

2.
Front Psychiatry ; 11: 732, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32848913

RESUMO

Emotional abnormality in major depressive disorder (MDD) is generally regarded to be associated with functional dysregulation in the affective network (AN). The present study examined the changes in characteristics of AN connectivity of MDD patients before and after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and to further assess how these connectivity changes are linked to clinical characteristics of patients. Functional connectivity (FC) in the AN defined by placing seeds in the bilateral amygdale was calculated in 20 patients with MDD before and after rTMS, and in 20 healthy controls (CN). Furthermore, a linear regression model was used to obtain correlations between FC changes and Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) changes in MDD before and after rTMS. Before rTMS, compared with CN, MDD exhibited significantly lower FC between left insula (INS.L), right superior and inferior frontal gyrus (SFG.R and IFG.R), right inferior parietal lobule (IPL.R), and amygdala, and showed an increment of FC between the bilateral precuneus and amygdala in AN. After rTMS, MDD exhibited a significant increase in FC in the INS.L, IFG.R, SFG.R, IPL.R, and a significant reduction in FC in the precuneus. Interestingly, change in FC between INS.L and left amygdala was positively correlated with change in HAMD scores before and after rTMS treatment. rTMS can enhance affective network connectivity in MDD patients, which is linked to emotional improvement. This study further suggests that the insula may be a potential target region of clinical efficacy for MDD to design rationale strategies for therapeutic trials.

3.
J Nerv Ment Dis ; 207(4): 232-238, 2019 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30865075

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on improving the cognitive function in minor depression (MiD) and major depression (MaD). The study will constitute a placebo-controlled single-blind parallel-group randomized controlled trial. The selected participants will be randomly allocated into one of two parallel groups with a 1:1 ratio: the CBT-based group and the general health education group. CBT significantly alleviated depressive symptoms of MiD and MaD at 12 weeks (p < 0.001), and the treatment effect was maintained for at least 12 months (p < 0.001). Interestingly, CBT significantly promotes more cognitive function of MiD and partial cognitive function of MaD at 12 weeks in the intervention group than in the control group (p < 0.01). CBT can alleviate depressive symptoms of both minor and MaDs. The effectiveness of CBT is different on improving the cognitive function in MiD and MaD.


Assuntos
Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental , Disfunção Cognitiva/terapia , Depressão/terapia , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/terapia , Adulto , Disfunção Cognitiva/etiologia , Depressão/complicações , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/complicações , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Método Simples-Cego , Adulto Jovem
4.
Med Sci Monit ; 25: 389-394, 2019 Jan 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30636257

RESUMO

BACKGROUND Depression is a common disorder linked with high levels of chronicity, psycho-social and physical problems, and suicide. Here, we assessed the antidepressant effects of the hydromethanolic extract of Taraxacum officinale and investigated the underlying mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS Antidepressant effects were examined by use of the tail suspension test (TST). Concentrations of corticosterone, dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline were examined by biochemical assays. The mRNA expression was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR. Phytochemical analysis was performed by LC/MS. RESULTS The results showed that the extract at the dosage of 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly (p<0.01) alleviated the TST-induced immobility in the mice, and the effects were comparable to the antidepressant drug Bupropion, which was used as the positive control. Investigation of the underlying mechanism revealed that the T. officinale extract exerts it effects by significantly (p<0.05) decreasing the levels of corticosterone and increasing the concentrations of dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline. Further, the extract also increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), which was associated with significant (p<0.05) decrease in the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (Mkp-1), indicative of the antidepressant potential of T. officinale. Finally, the active constituents of the extract, which include isoetin, hesperidin, naringenin, Kaempferol, sinapinic, and gallic acid, were also identified, which could potentially be responsible for its antidepressant effects. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, T. officinale exerts significant antidepressant effects in a mouse model of depression by inhibition of corticosterone levels and modulation of Mkp-1 and Bdnf expression.


Assuntos
Depressão/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Taraxacum/metabolismo , Animais , Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/metabolismo , Corticosterona/metabolismo , Depressão/metabolismo , Transtorno Depressivo/tratamento farmacológico , Transtorno Depressivo/fisiopatologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Dopamina/análise , Fosfatase 1 de Especificidade Dupla/efeitos dos fármacos , Fosfatase 1 de Especificidade Dupla/metabolismo , Epinefrina/análise , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Norepinefrina/análise , Fitoterapia/métodos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Natação , Taraxacum/fisiologia
5.
Front Genet ; 9: 565, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30524471

RESUMO

Numerous genetic risk loci are found to associate with major neuropsychiatric disorders represented by schizophrenia. The pathogenic roles of genetic risk loci in psychiatric diseases are further complicated by the association with cell lineage- and/or developmental stage-specific epigenetic alterations. Besides aberrant assembly and malfunction of neuronal circuitry, an increasing volume of discoveries clearly demonstrate impairment of oligodendroglia and disruption of white matter integrity in psychiatric diseases. Nonetheless, whether and how genetic risk factors and epigenetic dysregulations for neuronal susceptibility may affect oligodendroglia is largely unknown. In this mini-review, we will discuss emerging evidence regarding the functional interplay between genetic risk loci and epigenetic factors, which may underlie compromised oligodendroglia and myelin development in neuropsychiatric disorders. Transcriptional and epigenetic factors are the major aspects affected in oligodendroglia. Moreover, multiple disease susceptibility genes are connected by epigenetically modulated transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Oligodendroglia specific complex molecular orchestra may explain how distinct risk factors lead to the common clinical expression of white matter pathology of neuropsychiatric disorders.

6.
J Nerv Ment Dis ; 205(6): 480-486, 2017 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28141630

RESUMO

The underlying mechanism of modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) treatment for drug-resistant and catatonic schizophrenia remains unclear. Here, we aim to investigate whether MECT exerts its antipsychotic effects through elevating N-acetylaspartate (NAA) concentration measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS). Multiple-voxel H-MRS was acquired in the bilateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) and thalamus to obtain measures of neurochemistry in 32 MECT, 34 atypical antipsychotic-treated schizophrenic patients, and 34 healthy controls. We found that both MECT and atypical antipsychotic treatments showed significant antipsychotic efficacy. MECT and atypical antipsychotic treatments reversed the reduced NAA/creatine ratio (NAA/Cr) in the left PFC and left thalamus in schizophrenic patients compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, the NAA/Cr ratio after treatments was significant higher in the MECT group, but not in the medication group. Our findings demonstrate that eight times of MECT elevated the relative NAA concentration to display neuroprotective effect, which may be the underlying mechanism of rapid antipsychotic efficacy.


Assuntos
Ácido Aspártico/análogos & derivados , Eletroconvulsoterapia/métodos , Neuroproteção/fisiologia , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Córtex Pré-Frontal/metabolismo , Esquizofrenia/metabolismo , Esquizofrenia/terapia , Tálamo/metabolismo , Adulto , Ácido Aspártico/metabolismo , Creatina/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Córtex Pré-Frontal/diagnóstico por imagem , Espectroscopia de Prótons por Ressonância Magnética , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico por imagem , Tálamo/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto Jovem
7.
Compr Psychiatry ; 68: 24-33, 2016 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27234179

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Neurocognitive impairment is a contributor to major depressive disorder (MDD). However, MDD patients show great variability in the level and course of deficits. The present longitudinal study was to identify predictors of neurocognitive impairment in first-episode MDD patients. METHODS: Neurocognitive performance was analyzed in a cohort of 100 patients at 2years after a first-episode MDD. Subgroups, deficit type vs. non-deficit type, were compared on baseline clinical, neuropsychological, premorbid and sociodemographic characteristics. The analysis was performed using the multivariate logistic regression to obtain a model for neurocognitive impairment determination. The predicted probabilities of multivariate logistic regression were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: Fifty-two percent of MDD participants presented general neurocognitive impairment. The regression analyses demonstrated that clinical and sociodemographic characteristics were not predictive variables. A model composed of processing speed, executive function, and attention, dexterity correctly classified 85.8% of the MDD patients with deficit type. ROC curve indicated that the changes of these three cognitions could identify MDD with deficit type from MDD with non-deficit type. In addition, ROC curve also indicated that processing speed and executive function could identify MDD from CN subjects. Finally, processing speed performance was negatively correlated with Hamilton Depression Scale scores in both MDD with deficit and non-deficit type. CONCLUSION: The present study provides novel insights on frequency and neurocognitive profile of subtypes of patients showing impairment. Our results suggest that processing speed impairment is a trait dimension of the disorder related to specific cognitive dysfunctions and the severity of depression.


Assuntos
Transtornos Cognitivos/etiologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/psicologia , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/complicações , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/psicologia , Adulto , Atenção , Cognição , Função Executiva , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Curva ROC , Análise de Regressão , Fatores Socioeconômicos
8.
Behav Brain Res ; 298(Pt B): 301-9, 2016 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26519557

RESUMO

Emotional and cognitive dysregulation in major depressive disorder (MDD) have been consistently considered to be attributed to structural and functional abnormalities in affective network (AN) and cognitive control network (CCN). This study was to investigate the functional connectivity (FC) patterns and altered functional interactions between both networks in MDD. We investigated resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging in the AN and the CCN in 25 MDD and 35 healthy controls (HC). The seeds were from voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis results. Then FC within the AN was assessed from a seed placed in the left amygdala (AMG) and FC within CCN was determined by placing seeds in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Compared with HC, MDD showed reduced FC between left AMG and bilateral precuneus and right anterior cingulated cortex (ACC) within AN and reduced FC between right DLPFC and left cuneus, left lingual gyrus, and right ACC within CCN. An interaction hub of altered FC in MDD between AN and CCN located in the right ACC. Interestingly, the altered FC between right ACC and left AMG was negatively correlated with depressive symptom score while the altered FC between right ACC and DLPFC was positively correlated the executive function in MDD. The right ACC not only supports the cognitive and emotional processes, but also is an altered functional interaction hub between AN and CCN in MDD. It further suggest multiple sources of dysregulation in AN and CCN implicate both top-down cognitive control and bottom-up emotional expression dysfunction in MDD.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Cognição/fisiologia , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/fisiopatologia , Emoções/fisiologia , Adulto , Mapeamento Encefálico , Função Executiva/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Vias Neurais/fisiopatologia , Descanso
9.
Behav Brain Res ; 283: 78-86, 2015 Apr 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25619684

RESUMO

Hippocampal pathology has been considered to underlie clinical, functional and cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. While longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have demonstrated progressive gray matter reduction of the hippocampus during the early phases of schizophrenia (SCZ), very little is known about whether functional connectivity (FC) between the hippocampus and other brain regions also exhibit progressive changes. In this study, resting state functional MRI (fMRI) was used to examine changes in hippocampal connectivity at baseline and follow-up scans comparing 68 patients with first episode SCZ and 62 matched controls. At baseline and follow-up, in the bilateral hippocampal network, SCZ mainly showed decreased FC with bilateral cerebellum posterior lobe, frontal gyrus temporal gyrus, precuneus, and cingulate cortex compared to controls. Furthermore, in the bilateral hippocampus, there was a significant interaction effect of group and time for FC with cerebellum posterior lobe, temporal gyrus, frontal gyrus, and posterior cingulate cortex. Interestingly, longitudinal changes of bilateral hippocampal connectivity with right middle frontal gyrus negatively correlated with positive symptom scores in SCZ. These results provide novel evidence for the progressive changes of FC between hippocampus and other brain regions in SCZ. It further suggests that longitudinal changes of bilateral hippocampal connectivity with right middle frontal gyrus can contribute to the formation and emergence of positive symptom of SCZ.


Assuntos
Hipocampo/fisiopatologia , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Mapeamento Encefálico , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Vias Neurais/fisiopatologia , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Descanso
10.
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi ; 95(47): 3808-12, 2015 Dec 15.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27337795

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of high dose transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in patients with schizophrenia with refractory negative symptoms. METHODS: From January 2013 to April 2014 at our institute, 70 hospitalized patients of schizophrenia, according to the diagnostic criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-4th Edition (DSM-IV), aged from 18 to 45 were randomly divided into study group (n = 33) and control group (n = 37). Both kinds and dosages of antipsychotics were preserved as before. All patients were treated with 10 Hz rTMS. rTMS was delivered to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) with a figure-eight solid core coil at 100% motor threshold, 2 times daily for 10 days within 2 weeks. Sham stimulation was used in control group. In both groups, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS) were used to evaluate the efficacy and safety before treatment, at week 1 and week 2, and subjective visual analogue scale (VAS) score was checked after each rTMS session. PANSS was performed 3 times at followup visits of week 4, week 8 and week 12. RESULTS: Compared with before treatment the total score of PANSS and the score of negative symptoms at week 2 declined in study group (q = 3.780, 4.258, P < 0.05), especially the factors of blunted affect, emotional withdrawal and passive/apathetic social withdrawal (q = 3.829, 4.089, 4.072, P < 0.05). At the follow-up of week 4, week 8 and week 12 after treatment, none of the above factors got significant changes in study group (P > 0.05). After 2 weeks' treatment, the effective rates were 43.75% and 11.43% in study group and control group, respectively, and there was a significant difference between two groups (X2 = 8.888, P =0.003). The incidence of headache in study group was higher than that in control group(37.50% vs 8.57%, χ2 = 8.051, P = 0.005). The highest score of pain was (49 ± 14) in study group, which occurred after the first rTMS treatment. Along with the treatment, the score gradually become lower, and the lowest was (11 ± 5) after 20th treatment. CONCLUSION: Among schizophrenia patients with refractory negative symptoms, 10 Hz rTMS applied 2 times daily within 2 weeks is effective and safe, especially, may improve blunted affect, emotional withdrawal and passive/apathetic social withdrawal.


Assuntos
Esquizofrenia/terapia , Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana , Adolescente , Adulto , Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Método Duplo-Cego , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dor , Córtex Pré-Frontal , Esquizofrenia/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto Jovem
11.
Psychiatry Res ; 223(1): 23-7, 2014 Jul 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24831926

RESUMO

Early onset schizophrenia (EOS) is often associated with poorer outcomes, including lack of school education, higher risk of mental disability and resistance to treatment. But the knowledge of the neurobiological mechanism of EOS is limited. Here, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we investigated the possible neurochemical abnormalities in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and thalamus of first-episode drug-naïve patients with EOS, and followed up the effects of atypical antipsychotic treatment for 6 months on neurochemical metabolites and clinical symptoms. We measured the ratios of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho) to creatine (Cr) in 41 adolescents with first episode of EOS and in 28 healthy controls matched for age, gender, and years of education. The EOS patients presented with abnormally low NAA/Cr values in the left PFC and left thalamus with a reduced tendency in the right PFC compared with healthy controls. No significant differences were detected between groups for Cho/Cr in PFC and thalamus in any hemisphere. After atypical antipsychotic treatment for 6 months, the reduced NAA/Cr in the left PFC and left thalamus in EOS patients was elevated to the normal level in healthy controls, without any alteration in Cho/Cr. We also found that there was no significant correlation between the neurochemical metabolite ratios in the PFC and thalamus in patients with EOS, and clinical characteristics. Our results suggest that there was neurochemical metabolite abnormalities in PFC and thalamus in EOS patients, atypical antipsychotic treatment can effectively relieve the symptoms and restore the reduced NAA in PFC and thalamus.


Assuntos
Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Ácido Aspártico/análogos & derivados , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Córtex Pré-Frontal/efeitos dos fármacos , Esquizofrenia/tratamento farmacológico , Tálamo/efeitos dos fármacos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idade de Início , Ácido Aspártico/metabolismo , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Colina/análise , Colina/metabolismo , Creatina/análise , Creatina/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Córtex Pré-Frontal/metabolismo , Córtex Pré-Frontal/patologia , Prótons , Esquizofrenia/metabolismo , Esquizofrenia/patologia , Tálamo/metabolismo , Tálamo/patologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
12.
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi ; 92(29): 2063-5, 2012 Aug 07.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23253810

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential effects of modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) in prefrontal lobe and thalamus in patients with schizophrenia by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS). METHODS: From November 2010 to June 2011, a total of 31 schizophrenics fulfilling the third edition of the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders (CCMD-III) were recruited. And prefrontal lobe and thalamus were evaluated by multi-voxel (1)H-MRS before and after 8 sessions of MECT. The subjects were evaluated by the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS). And the N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds (Cho) and creatine compounds (Cr) were measured and the ratios of NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr determined. RESULTS: (1) In left prefrontal lobe and bilateral thalamus, the NAA/Cr ratio at post-treatment demonstrated higher than that at pre-treatment (1.50 ± 0.31 vs 1.35 ± 0.30, t = 2.07, P < 0.05; 1.53 ± 0.31 vs 1.38 ± 0.27, t = 2.03, P < 0.05; 1.51 ± 0.29 vs 1.36 ± 0.26, t = 2.14, P < 0.05). (2) The major influencing factors of the changes of NAA/Cr in left prefrontal lobe were age of onset, decrease rate of PANSS, baseline PANSS total score and duration of illness. And the major influencing factors for left thalamus were age of onset and duration of illness while a major influencing factor for right thalamus was baseline PANSS total score. CONCLUSION: MECT may modify brain metabolism as measured by (1)H-MRS. The pattern of changes suggests possible neuroprotective effects in schizophrenics. And these effects are correlated with age of onset, duration and severity of illness.


Assuntos
Córtex Pré-Frontal/metabolismo , Esquizofrenia/metabolismo , Esquizofrenia/terapia , Tálamo/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Eletroconvulsoterapia , Feminino , Humanos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Prótons , Adulto Jovem
13.
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi ; 91(43): 3034-9, 2011 Nov 22.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22333054

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To explore the characteristics of different subtypes of schizophrenics on prefrontal lobe and thalamus by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) and its relationship. METHODS: From August 2007 to April 2010 at our center, a total of 159 schizophrenics fulfilling the third edition criteria of Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders (CCMD-III) were recruited. And prefrontal lobe and thalamus were evaluated by multi-voxel (1)H-MRS. There were 88 males and 71 females. There were first-episode (n = 54) and not-first-episode (n = 105), negative subtype (n = 125) and positive subtype (n = 34), medicated (n = 96) and non-medicated (n = 63) by different criteria. The levels of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds (Cho) and creatine compounds (Cr) were measured and the ratios of NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr determined. Positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) and Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) were also assessed. Only 45 normal controls received (1)H-MRS. RESULTS: On left prefrontal lobe and left thalamus, the NAA/Cr ratios in different subtypes of patients were lower than those in normal controls (P < 0.05 or 0.01). The NAA/Cr ratios in patients of non-first-episode (1.48 ± 0.34), negative subtype (1.40 ± 0.35) and medicated (1.47 ± 0.36) on right thalamus were also lower than those in normal controls (1.62 ± 0.37, t = 2.25, 3.56, 2.28, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Compared with positive subtype schizophrenics, the NAA/Cr ratios in those of negative subtype on right thalamus were lower (1.40 ± 0.35 vs 1.60 ± 0.37, t = 2.92, P < 0.01). On right thalamus of non-medicated schizophrenics, there was a negative correlation between the duration of illness and the ratio of NAA/Cr (r = -0.38, P < 0.05) and a positive correlation between the duration of illness and the ratio of Cho/Cr (r = 0.43, P < 0.01). On right thalamus of negative subtype schizophrenics, the ratios of NAA/Cr were negatively correlated with the total score of PANSS and the score of negative factor respectively (r = -0.36, -0.40, P < 0.05). On left prefrontal lobe of different subtypes, the ratios of NAA/Cr were negatively correlated with the total score of PANSS, the score of negative factor, responses errors and persistent errors (P < 0.01) and positively correlated with completed categories and conceptual level responses (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Abnormalities in neuronal function and/or integrity are present on left prefrontal lobe and left thalamus in schizophrenics. And right thalamus is probably involved in non-first-episode subtype, negative subtype and non-medicated subtype. Different subtypes of schizophrenics may have different characteristics of (1)H-MRS due to the duration of illness and their clinical symptoms.


Assuntos
Córtex Pré-Frontal/fisiopatologia , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatologia , Tálamo/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem
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