Advancements in non-invasive microwave brain stimulation: A comprehensive survey.

This survey provides a comprehensive insight into the world of non-invasive brain stimulation and focuses on the evolving landscape of deep brain stimulation through microwave research. Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques provide new prospects for comprehending and treating neurological disorders. We investigate the methods shaping the future of deep brain stimulation, emphasizing the role of microwave technology in this transformative journey. Specifically, we explore antenna structures and optimization strategies to enhance the efficiency of high-frequency microwave stimulation. These advancements can potentially revolutionize the field by providing a safer and more precise means of modulating neural activity. Furthermore, we address the challenges that researchers currently face in the realm of microwave brain stimulation. From safety concerns to methodological intricacies, this survey outlines the barriers that must be overcome to fully unlock the potential of this technology. This survey serves as a roadmap for advancing research in microwave brain stimulation, pointing out potential directions and innovations that promise to reshape the field.

Alterações no comportamento elétrico cerebral de uma criança com Paralisia Cerebral após atendimento com neurofeedback / Changes in the cerebral electrical behavior of a child with Cerebral Palsy after neurofeedback

O neurofeedback (NFB) é uma técnica não invasiva, buscando potencializar efeitos eletrofisiológicos através de condicionamento operante. Objetivo: Avaliar as mudanças no comportamento elétrico cerebral de uma criança com paralisia cerebral, após 20 atendimentos com NFB. Métodos: Foram realizadas 20 sessões de tratamento de neurofeeback em um paciente de 4 anos com paralisia cerebral, os dados foram coletados através do eletroencefalograma amplificador Pocket Neurobics modelo Q-wiz juntamente com o software Bio-Explorer e processado em sistema TQ-7. Resultados: Após o treino de NFB as frequências em zona C3 Delta reduziram em 10,6%, Theta aumentou 4,9%, Alfha aumentou 1,5%, Low Beta aumentou 1,1%, Beta aumentou 2,3% e High Beta aumentou 0,6%. E as frequências em zona C4 Delta reduziram 3,8%, Theta aumentou 10,4%, Alpha aumentou 1,8%, Low Beta aumentou 0,4%, Beta reduziu 3,1%, High Beta reduziu 3,9%. Conclusão: O NFB apresentou respostas positivas na melhora da espasticidade no paciente com paralisia cerebral e alterações nos padrões de amplitude das frequências. (AU)

Neurofeedback (NFB) is a noninvasive technique, seeking to potentiate electrophysiological effects through operant conditioning. Objective: To evaluate the changes in cerebral electrical behavior of a child with cerebral palsy, after 20 visits with NFB. Methods: Twenty neurofeedback treatment sessions were performed on a 4-year-old patient with cerebral palsy. Data were collected through the Q-wiz Pocket Neurobics amplifier electroencephalogram along with the Bio-Explorer software and processed in the TQ-7 system. Results: After NFB training, frequencies in Delta C3 zone decreased by 10.6%, Theta increased 4.9%, Alfha increased 1.5%, Low Beta increased 1.1%, Beta increased 2.3% and High Beta increased by 0.6%. And the frequencies in Delta C4 zone decreased 3.8%, Theta increased 10.4%, Alfha increased 1.8%, Low Beta increased 0.4%, Beta decreased 3.1%, High Beta reduced by 3.9%. Conclusion: The NFB presented positive responses in the improvement of spasticity in the patient with cerebral palsy and changes in frequency amplitude patterns.(AU)