Survey of Salmonella spp. in beef meat for export at slaughterhouses in Brazil / Pesquisa de Salmonella spp. em carcaças bovinas durante o processamento em abatedouros-frigoríficos exportadores

The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of Salmonella spp. in samples collected from beef meat at three points of the slaughter line (after skinning, washing and cooling) at three slaughterhouses in Brazil that export meat. Detection was based on ISO 6579:2002 and confirmed by PCR and qPCR. The isolates were typified using slide agglutination tests and PFGE. The antibiotic sensitivity profile was determined using the disk diffusion method. Contamination was detected in only one slaughterhouse. The overall frequency of contamination by Salmonella spp. was 6.7% of carcasses (6/90) and 2.6% of carcass surface samples (7/270). All isolates were confirmed by PCR and qPCR. The serological analysis and the PFGE showed a single profile: Typhimurium. The strains demonstrated 100% susceptibility to ampicillin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin and tetracycline. Positive carcasses after cooling pose a direct risk to consumers, since the meat is considered ready to be marketed after this process.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a presença de Salmonella spp. em amostras coletadas de carcaças de bovinos, em três pontos da linha de abate (após a esfola, lavagem e refrigeração) de três frigoríficos exportadores no Brasil. A detecção foi realizada pela ISO 6579:2002, e confirmada por PCR e qPCR. Os isolados foram tipificados por testes de soroaglutinação e PFGE e avaliado o perfil de sensibilidade aos antibióticos pelo método de difusão em disco. A contaminação foi detectada em apenas um abatedouro-frigorífico. As contaminações das carcaças (n=90) e amostras de carne (n=270) por Salmonella spp. foram 6 (6,7%) e 7 (2,6%), respectivamente. Todos os isolados foram confirmados por PCR e qPCR. A análise sorológica e o PFGE mostraram um único perfil: Typhimurium. As cepas apresentaram 100% de suscetibilidade à ampicilina, cefotaxima, ciprofloxacina, cloranfenicol, gentamicina e tetraciclina. As carcaças positivas após a refrigeração apresentam um risco direto para o consumidor, uma vez que, após este processo, a carne está pronta para ser comercializada.(AU)

Phenotypic and molecular detection of Salmonella sp. on growing, rearing and production phases in a commercial group of laying hens / Detecção fenotípica e molecular de Salmonella sp. nas fases de cria, recria e produção em lote de poedeiras comerciais

This present study was developed with the objective of detect Salmonella sp. by conventional bacteriology and qPCR techniques in samples of flooring material from transport crates (meconium); raising environment (swab of cages and drinking fountains); cloacal swab; food and insects from growing, rearing and production phases in a commercial group of laying hens. A total of 864 samples were collected, among whom 248 originated from growing, 392 from rearing and 224 from production phase. Among the 864 samples, 2,8% where positives in bacteriologic technique and 15.3% in qPCR. Contamination was higher in growing and rearing phases and declined in production phase. Twenty four isolations of Salmonella where typified as Salmonella Agona (41.7%), Salmonella Livingstone (33.3%), Salmonella Cerro (16.7%), Salmonella Senftenberg (4.2%) and Salmonella Schwarzengrund (4.2%). During growing phase Salmonella Livingstone was identified. These findings suggest vertical contamination in the group. During rearing and production phases, isolated materials belong to serovars Agona, Cerro, Senftenberg and Schwarzengrund, pointing to horizontal contamination. It is possible to conclude that both vertical and horizontal contaminations are important during the cycle of commercial egg production and contamination in rearing phase is higher than in growing and production phases.(AU)

O presente estudo foi desenvolvido com objetivo de detectar Salmonella sp. pelas técnicas de bacteriologia convencional e PCR em tempo real em amostras de forros de caixas de transporte (mecônio), de ambientes de criação (suabes de gaiola e de bebedouro), suabes de cloaca, ração e insetos oriundos das fases de cria, recria e produção de um lote de poedeiras comerciais. Foram coletadas 864 amostras das quais 248 foram originadas da cria, 392 da recria e 224 da produção. Das 864 amostras 2,8% foram positivas na técnica bacteriológica e 15,3% no PCR em tempo real. A contaminação aumentou da fase de cria para a recria e declinou na fase de produção. Vinte e quatro isolados de Salmonella foram tipificados como Salmonella Agona (41,7%), Salmonella Livingstone (33,3%), Salmonella Cerro (16,7%), Salmonella Senftenberg (4,2%) e Salmonella Schwarzengrund (4,2%). Na fase de cria identificou-se Salmonella Livingstone. Esses achados sugerem a contaminação vertical do lote. Nas fases de recria e produção os isolados pertenceram aos sorovares Agona, Cerro, Senftenberg e Schwarzengrund apontando para a contaminação horizontal. Pode-se concluir com este estudo que tanto a contaminação vertical como a horizontal são importantes no ciclo de produção de ovos comerciais e que a contaminação na fase de recria é maior que na fase de cria e de produção.(AU)

[Canine visceral leishmaniasis in dog from Caldas Novas, Goiás]. / Leishmaniose visceral canina em cão de Caldas Novas, Goiás.

The objective of the present work was to describe a visceral case of leishmaniasis in a dog from Caldas Novas, GO, region until then considered as a disease free area. The animal, attended in the Veterinarian Hospital of the Federal University of Goiás, presented loss of weight, alopecic area of irregular format at the nasal back, onicogrifosis, atrophy of the heads muscles and failure of the right popliteus lymphonode. For the laboratorial diagnosis, samples were collected by biopsy from the complete skin of the auricular region, by punsion from the popliteus lymphonode for preparation of Giemsa stained blades and 5 mL of the blood were also collected for serum diagnosis. The direct microscopy revealed, from the evaluation of the imprint obtained from the skin fragment and from the squash of the inhaled lymphonode, great amount of amastigoste forms of Leishmania in the cytoplasm of macrophages. Based on the clinical presentation, on the parasitologic and on the serology examination of the samples, we concluded the exams with the diagnosis of calazar disease.