The impact of an effective 3-step hand hygiene technique in reducing potentially pathogenic microorganisms found on nursing professionals' hands.

INTRODUCTION: Healthcare-associated infections are concerning adverse events and hand hygiene is considered an essential preventive measure. The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of a correct 3-step hand hygiene technique on reducing of potentially pathogenic microorganisms on hands related to the WHO five moments for hand hygiene. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was performed by means of direct observation involving 60 Intensive Care Units (ICU) and clinical nursing professionals in a Brazilian hospital. Observations were performed in order to ascertain the adherence rate and the correct technique during health assistance. Additionally, microbiological analysis of material collected from the nursing professional's hands was carried out. Exploratory and inferential analyses were performed on R software and binomial analysis was carried out by using the Z-test. The study was approved by the research ethics committee and covered all the legal principles for the protection of human subjects. RESULTS: Hand hygiene adherence rate was 63.3%. However, only 13.3% of the professionals performed the correct 3-step hand hygiene technique regarding steps and time. Sixty-five microorganisms were isolated, among which 56.9% were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, 26.2% were Gram-negative bacilli, 7.7% were Enterococcus faecalis, and 6.2% were Candida parapsilosis. There was no presence of potentially pathogenic microorganisms on the nursing professional's hands who performed the correct three-step technique. CONCLUSIONS: Overall correct hand hygiene technique was poor. The results indicated the presence of potentially pathogenic microorganisms at moments in which hand hygiene was mandatory but was not executed or was executed incorrectly. The 3-step hand hygiene technique proved to be effective when correctly performed since there were no microorganism growth. Larger studies are needed to test if these results can be replicated at a larger scale, since streamlining hand hygiene technique yielded encouraging results.

Brazilian Mobile Phone Applications Related to Hand Hygiene and Their Applicability for Healthcare Professionals.

The objective of this study was to identify available mobile applications regarding education for hand hygiene and their applicability as a resource for nurses and other healthcare professionals. The aim was to assess the quality of the mobile apps for education on hand hygiene for health professionals. A review of mobile apps available from Apple App Store and Google Play Store in Brazil was conducted. The World Health Organization recommendations and the Mobile Application Rating Scale for evaluating quality were used. Six applications were selected, only three presented gamification elements incorporated into the learning method and only two of them-SureWash Pocket and Give Me 5-used the international recommendations to improve hand hygiene compliance in a more substantial and interactive way. The mean quality total score for the five rated apps was 3.41, indicating poor to acceptable quality. SureWash Pocket was the only application that reached Mobile Application Rating Scale ≥4 in all dimensions. These mobile applications can be used as complementary alternatives in addition to other available education strategies to improve the standards of hand hygiene and change the behavior of health professionals.

Instrumentos y factores impactantes en el conocimiento de medidas de precaución estándar entre trabajadores de la salud / Instrumentos e fatores impactantes sobre o conhecimento das medidas de precauções-padrão entre trabalhadores de saúde / Instruments and impacting factors on standard precautions knowledge among health workers

El objetivo fue identificar instrumentos para medir el conocimiento y la información de los profesionales de la salud acerca de las precauciones estándar (PE); describir estos conocimientos; verificar las dimensiones y contenidos valorados; informar sus características psicométricas y los factores que influyen en el conocimiento. Revisión integral, cuyas palabras-clave fueran buscadas en base de datos Lilacs, Pubmed (Medline), ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus y CINAHL. La muestra final fue 18 estudios transversales, heterogéneos en cuanto a los sitios y sectores de ejecución, así como los países situados en las diversas clasificaciones del Índice de Desarrollo Humano. Ningún instrumento incluyó todos los tópicos recomendados y la validación de contenido fue la mayor preocupación de los autores. El conocimiento está por debajo de lo recomendado y la mayoría no comprende los objetivos de las PE. Se sugiere la validación de los instrumentos existentes para obtener resultados confiables (AU)

Buscou-se identificar instrumentos para mensurar o conhecimento e informações dos profissionais de saúde sobre as precauções-padrão (PP); descrever o conhecimento e informações dos trabalhadores; verificar dimensões e conteúdos avaliados; informar as características psicométricas dos instrumentos e fatores impactantes no conhecimento. Revisão integrativa, cujos descritores e palavras-chave foram selecionados nas bases de dados: Lilacs, Pubmed (Medline), Isi Web of Knowledge, Scopus e CINAHL. A amostra final foi de 18 estudos transversais, sendo heterogêneos quanto aos locais e setores de realização, e países situados nas diversas classificações de Indíce de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH). Nenhum instrumento contemplou todos os tópicos preconizados e a validação de conteúdo foi a maior preocupaçãos dos autores. O conhecimento está abaixo do recomendado e a maioria dos trabalhadores não compreendem os objetivos das PP. Sugere-se a validação dos instrumentos existentes para que resultados fidedignos possam ser encontrados (AU)

The study identified instruments for measuring knowledge and information from health professionals on standard precautions (SP); to describe the knowledge and the information of workers; to check dimensions and contents evaluated; to inform the instruments psychometric characteristics and factors affecting standard precautions knowledge. Integrative review, whose descriptors and key words were selected in the databases LILACS, Pubmed (MEDLINE), ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus and CINAHL databases. The final sample was 18 cross-sectional studies, being heterogeneous concerning places and sectors of achievement, and countries located in the different classifications of the Human Development Index (HDI). No one of the instruments contemplated all topics recommended and content validation was the largest worry of authors. The knowledge is below the recommended and the majority of workers do not understand the goals of standard precautions (SP). It is suggested the validation of existing instruments for which reliable results can be found (AU)