Stabilization of Etoricoxib Nanosuspension Using Acacia chundra Gum and Copolymers: Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Cytotoxic Study.

Present communication deals with the stabilization of etoricoxib nanosuspension using Acacia chundra gum and its acrylamide-grafted and carboxymethylated copolymers. Acrylamide grafting and carboxymethylation of A. chundra gum were carried out and synthesized copolymers were characterized. Ultrasound-assisted solvent-antisolvent method was utilized to co-precipitate the stabilizers over etoricoxib nanoprecipitates. A 32 full factorial design was used to evaluate the effect of independent variables, that is, the concentration of drug and stabilizer over the dependent variables, that is, particle size (PS), and entrapment efficiency (EE%) of nanoparticles. The effect of process parameters over super saturation, nucleation, and PS were studied and the role of mixing and ultrasound radiation was correlated. FTIR, DSC, and 1H NMR analysis showed a significant difference between the copolymers. The application of stabilizers leads to the synthesis of small, spherical, no aggregated, and composite nanoparticles. PS growth analysis after 45 days showed no sign of "Ostwald repining" and aggregation. Optimized formulations prepared using A. chundra gum (formulation K9), acrylamide-grafted (formulation A8), and carboxymethylated (formulation C1) copolymers showed t80% in 190, 270, and 170 min, respectively. Cytotoxic studies showed that the formulation A8 had better control over cell growth than the pure drug against MCF-7 cell line. The results indicated that the A. chundra gum and its acrylamide and carboxymethylated copolymers can be easily synthesized and utilized for the fabrication of stabilized nanosuspension.

Stability facilitation of nanoparticles prepared by ultrasound assisted solvent-antisolvent method: Effect of neem gum, acrylamide grafted neem gum and carboxymethylated neem gum over size, morphology and drug release.

In present research, etoricoxib nanoparticles were prepared using newly developed ultrasonication assisted solvent-antisolvent method. Neem gum (NGP) and their semisynthetic derivatives NGP-g-Am (acrylamide graft copolymer of neem gum) and CMNGP (carboxymethylated neem gum) were used to provide stability to drug nanoprecipitates. In this research response surface methodology based on 32 factorial design was utilized to evaluate the effect of two independent variables (concentration of drug and polymer) over size and entrapment efficiency of nanoparticles (dependent variables). When compared with pure drug nanocrystals, polymer stabilized molecular composite nanoparticles were of smaller size and spherical shape. CMNGP stabilized composite nanoparticles shown smaller size hence better performance in terms of solubility and dissolution rate as compared to NGP and NGP-g-Am. As shown by zeta seizer analysis for the same concentration of drug and stabilizer, size of nanoparticles were found in the range of NGP-g-Am > NGP > CMNGP and reverse case was observed for dissolution rate. Contact angle determination easily predict better hydrophilicity of CMNGP than NGP followed by NGP-g-Am. DSC thermogram predict the amorphous nature of CMNGP than NGP and NGP-g-Am. SEM revealed spherical shaped and non-aggregation of nanoparticles. Prepared nanosuspension show no aggregation and Ostwald repining after 45 days when ultrasonicated for 5 s. t90% of optimized formulations of NGP (N9), NGP-g-Am (A8) and CMNGP (C1) was found to be 249.46 min, 296.63 min and 223.39 min and followed 1° order, Higuchi and 1° order kinetics of drug, respectively. Similarity factor analysis predict that release pattern of drug from three different polymer stabilized nanoparticles are significantly differ to each other. Particle size of nanoparticles was studied in presence of solvent and findings showed no change in size after 45 days.

Modification of polysaccharides: Pharmaceutical and tissue engineering applications with commercial utility (patents).

Polymer modifications open new era for the development of polymers with requisite properties. Use of modified polymers is practically boundless. Different studies focus on biomedical applications of chemically modified polysaccharides. Development and utilization of modified polysaccharides get attention to be used as carrier for pharmaceutical drug delivery as well as tissue engineering scaffolds. Grafted polymer shows better cellular regeneration, signal transmission, diagnostic and imaging material than putative form. This review article aims to discuss various approaches to modify naturally derived polymer and their applications as pharmaceutical drug carrier and as a material for wound dressing and artificial cartilage due to better biophysical cues. Manuscript included various patents based on the applications of modified polymers and techniques used to modify polymers.

Pharmacological Evaluation of Chrozophora tinctoria as Wound Healing Potential in Diabetic Rat's Model.

Objective. The study was designed to evaluate pharmacological potential of hydroalcoholic leaves extract of Chrozophora tinctoria intended for wound healing in diabetic rats' model. Methods. The method used to evaluate the pharmacological potential of hydroalcoholic leave extract was physical incision rat model. In this model, cutting of the skin and/or other tissues with a sharp blade has been made and the rapid disruption of tissue integrity with minimal collateral damage was observed shortly. Animals used in the study were divided into four groups that consist of six animals in each group. Group I serves as normal control, Group II serves as disease control, Group III was used as standard treatment (Povidone iodine 50 mg/kg b.w.), and Group IV was used for test drug (C. tinctoria 50 mg/kg b.w.). Result. The hydroalcoholic leave extract of Chrozophora tinctoria has been significantly observed to heal the wound (98%) in diabetic rats within 21 days, while standard drug (Povidone iodine) healed the wound about 95% in the same condition. The oral dose (50 mg/kg b.w.) of Chrozophora tinctoria was also found to improve the elevated blood glucose level in comparison to disease control group, which increased after the oral administration of Streptozotocin. Conclusion. The Chrozophora tinctoria has significant wound healing potential in the animal having physically damaged tissue in diabetic condition.