[Biochemical aspects of the pathogenesis of the late diabetic syndrome]. / Biochemische Aspekte zur Pathogenese des diabetischen Spätsyndroms.

First of all the three essential patho-biochemical reactions of insulindependent tissues with glucose excess are being outlined especially in order to emphasize the non-enzymatic glycolysation as an essential factor for the development of the diabetic late syndrom. Within the glycolysation reactions of the glucose with albumins it is especially being referred to the connection with haemoglobin, fibrinogen, albumin, kristallin, myelin, the membrane proteins and apoproteins and it is shortly being reported on the clinical effects.

[Relation between glycohemoglobin, hypoxia parameters and diabetic microangiopathy]. / Untersuchungen zum Zusammenhang zwischen Glykohämoglobin, Hypoxieparametern und diabetischer Mikroangiopathie.

In normal persons and in diabetics with and without tissue injuries was tried to find out a connection between the glycolyzed haemoglobin and the parameters of hypoxia. In a small number of cases no clearly evident correlation between the concentrations of the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and the lactate to the glycohaemoglobins was found. In connection with this investigation pathobiochemical considerations of late diabetic injuries are carried out, which are the consequence of inconveniences in the usability of glucose of diabetics and the connected with this non-enzymatic glycosylation of various proteins.

[Proteinuria and protein clearance for the early diagnosis and monitoring of diabetic nephropathy]. / Untersuchungen über die Proteinurie und die Proteinclearance zur Früherkennung und Verlaufsbeobachtung der diabetischen Nephropathie.

The subtile comprehension of the proteinuria is applied to an early recognition of the diabetic microangiopathia in the sphere of the kidneys. A series of usual methods of the determination of urine protein is compared with different protein clearance results. From these examinations follows that qualitative determinations of protein are unsuitable and quantitative investigations of protein show only an orienting character for the estimation of a microangiopathia. The determination of proteins in urine selectively and non-selectively secreted shows direct relations to microangiopathia and thus could also be applied to the estimation of disturbances in microcirculations in the sphere of physiological proteinuria.

[Facts and problems of the structural clarification, determinative methods and clinical value of glycosylated hemoglobins]. / Fakten und Probleme zur strukturellen Aufklärung, Bestimmungsmethodik und klinischen Bedeutung der glykosylierten Hämoglobine.

First of all a report is given on the structural peculiarities of the glycohaemoglobins and an appreciation of the non-enzymatic glycosylation reactions with different hexoses is performed. Furthermore a critical judgment of the different methods for the determination of glycosylated haemoglobins follows with the results that in conformity with the international literature the smallest expense and the highest effectiveness must be ascribed to column chromatographic and photometrical methods. The importance of glycosylated haemoglobins for a long-range judgment of the situation of metabolism in diabetics is proved. According to this in particular clearly increased Hb A1 and Hb A1c values are identical with a bad situation of metabolism. Moreover its importance as an additional diagnostic criterion in the bordersphere of the pathological carbohydrate tolerance is emphasized. The effects of different influence factors, e.g. pregnancy, drugs, lipid metabolism and of certain affections on the concentration of glycohaemoglobins are also discussed.

[The dependence of Hb Al (glycohemoglobin) on age, pregnancy and glucose tolerance]. / Zur Abhängigkeit des Hb A1 (Glykohämoglobin) von Lebensalter, Schwangerschaft und Glukosetoleranz.

The dependence of Hb A1 on various factors was investigated. A dependence of age of Hb A1 in normal persons could be proved. Moreover, significant differences of Hb A1 in pregnant women in the pre- and postnatal phase were proved. but the analyses carried out did not show any significant correlation between the weight of birth and the substance of glycohaemoglobin of pregnant women who were healthy in metabolism. In the protodiabetic stages the Hb A1 can as a diagnostic means contribute to the comprehension of a glucose intolerance in the protodiabetic stages. During a longer period of observations the Hb A1 shows a dynamic reaction of its concentration dependent of the glycaemic condition.

[The clinical significance of HbA1c determination in diabetics]. / Zur klinischen Bedeutung der HbA1c-Bestimmung bei Diabetikern.

It is reported on HbA1c as a suitable screening method for the estimation of a long-range situation of metabolism in diabetics. The relations of HbA1c-concentration to the level of blood glucose and to the secretion quantity of urine glucose are represented. The highest HbA1c-concentrations found out do not correlate with the level of the single concentration of blood glucose which as a rapid method are not representative for the whole position of glycaemia. Further investigations concerning the estimation of the temporal interval of the change of the HbA1c-concentration in dependence on blood glucose and urinary glucose concentration must be carried out.

[A method of hemoglobin A-lc determination]. / Zur Metodik der Hämoglobin Alc-Bestimmung.

It is reported on one for practice rational method for the determination of HbA1c. Methodical problems of its realization are pointed out. By the selection of suitable buffers short separating times can be achieved without any high expense of apparatuses. We have simplified the manufacture of haemolysates from venous blood to be separated chromatographically by the use of capillary blood. We did not find any significant differences between the values from venous and capillary blood. The valency of HbA1c for the purpose of estimation of the metabolic situation in diabetics during a longer period is explained with the help of literature, and the normal values in healthy test persons are represented.

[Possibilities of diagnostic standardization in the differential diagnosis of comatose conditions on the basis of the working methods of a grade IIb laboratory]. / Möglichkeiten der diagnostischen Standradisierung bei der Differentialdiagnose komatöser Zustände auf der Basis der Arbeitsweise eines Labors der Stufe IIb.

In the paper life-threatening diseases which may be accompanied by profound unconsciousness are explained from the laboratory-chemical point of view. It is referred to the significance of a laboratory-diagnostic programme for the differential diagnosis of comatous conditions. In this case the material and personal prerequisites and the laboratory capacity of a district hospital are taken into consideration.