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1.
Rev Neurol (Paris) ; 174(4): 190-198, 2018 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29609959

RESUMO

Social cognition is impaired in a large number of neurological afflictions, including neurodegenerative diseases, neuropsychiatric disorders and neurodevelopmental syndromes, and has become a significant element in differential diagnoses. This report describes the different processes involved in social cognition and the way in which they work together to allow adapted behaviors. This is then followed by the numerous clinical symptoms of social behavioral disturbances and social cognition performance in different neurological afflictions such as frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. In addition, the available tasks allowing social cognition assessment in routine clinical practice are also presented.


Assuntos
Cognição , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/psicologia , Comportamento Social , Percepção Social , Empatia , Humanos , Teoria da Mente
4.
Rev Med Chil ; 134(9): 1197-9, 2006 Sep.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17171224

RESUMO

Evidence based medicine is strongly positioned in medical practice. However we must remember that it should be just a part of our knowledge and skills and that a close relationship with our patients is essential. I report a 52 years old male that presented with abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant lasting seven days, that started after participating in a celebration dinner. Abdominal ultrasound was normal and biochemical tests were within normal limits. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a toothpick that was perforating the gastric wall. The toothpick was withdrawn and the pain subsided. The patient was discharged asymptomatic three days later.


Assuntos
Abdome Agudo/etiologia , Migração de Corpo Estranho/complicações , Abdome Agudo/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 134(9): 1197-1199, sept. 2006.
Artigo em Espanhol, Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-438425

RESUMO

Evidence based medicine is strongly positioned in medical practice. However we must remember that it should be just a part of our knowledge and skills and that a close relationship with our patients is essential. I report a 52 years old male that presented with abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant lasting seven days, that started after participating in a celebration dinner. Abdominal ultrasound was normal and biochemical tests were within normal limits. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a toothpick that was perforating the gastric wall. The toothpick was withdrawn and the pain subsided. The patient was discharged asymptomatic three days later.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Abdome Agudo/etiologia , Migração de Corpo Estranho/complicações , Abdome Agudo/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Medicina Baseada em Evidências
7.
Rev Med Chil ; 134(1): 79-84, 2006 Jan.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16532166

RESUMO

We report a 22 years old male with chronic allergic rhinitis, who presented with asthma, prolonged fever, eosinophilia, cutaneous vasculitis, subcutaneous nodules, polyarthritis, ulcers in the nasal mucosa and external auditory canal, hematuria, proteinuria, renal failure, severe hypertension, pulmonary infiltrates and mesenteric ischemia with a perforation of the sigmoid colon. Arteriography showed multiple aneurysmae of intrarenal arteries and a skin biopsy showed a leukocytoclastic vasculitis. A diagnosis of Churg-Strauss syndrome was made. He was initially treated with steroids and cyclophosphamide but abandoned therapy. Eighteen years after the onset of the disease, he required hemodialysis. Eight months after being on dialysis, he suffered a reactivation of the disease with lung hemorrhage and finally died, due to an upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by a duodenal ulcer.


Assuntos
Síndrome de Churg-Strauss/complicações , Hemorragia/etiologia , Pneumopatias/etiologia , Úlcera Péptica Hemorrágica/etiologia , Adulto , Síndrome de Churg-Strauss/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Churg-Strauss/tratamento farmacológico , Evolução Fatal , Humanos , Masculino , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores de Tempo
8.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 134(1): 79-84, ene. 2006. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-426122

RESUMO

We report a 22 years old male with chronic allergic rhinitis, who presented with asthma, prolonged fever, eosinophilia, cutaneous vasculitis, subcutaneous nodules, polyarthritis, ulcers in the nasal mucosa and external auditory canal, hematuria, proteinuria, renal failure, severe hypertension, pulmonary infiltrates and mesenteric ischemia with a perforation of the sigmoid colon. Arteriography showed multiple aneurysmae of intrarenal arteries and a skin biopsy showed a leukocytoclastic vasculitis. A diagnosis of Churg-Strauss syndrome was made. He was initially treated with steroids and cyclophosphamide but abandoned therapy. Eighteen years after the onset of the disease, he required hemodialysis. Eight months after being on dialysis, he suffered a reactivation of the disease with lung hemorrhage and finally died, due to an upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by a duodenal ulcer.


Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome de Churg-Strauss/complicações , Hemorragia/etiologia , Pneumopatias/etiologia , Úlcera Péptica Hemorrágica/etiologia , Síndrome de Churg-Strauss/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Churg-Strauss/tratamento farmacológico , Evolução Fatal , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores de Tempo
9.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 133(8): 983-986, ago. 2005.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-429234

RESUMO

A young woman with aphagia, probably caused by an esophageal cancer that could not be confirmed, is reported. Fully respecting the will of the patient at the end of her life, palliative care measures were instituted, even though the diagnosis was uncertain. This case emphasizes the integrative role of internists and the difficulty of making decisions about life and death without being in close touch with desires of our patients.


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Atitude Frente a Morte , Temas Bioéticos , Neoplasias Esofágicas , Relações Médico-Paciente , Confiança , Neoplasias Esofágicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Esofágicas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Esofágicas/psicologia , Cuidados Paliativos , Direito a Morrer
10.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 132(4): 509-512, abr. 2004.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, MINSALCHILE | ID: lil-362918

RESUMO

This is a critical overview of an internist with 33 years of practice, about the activities which are inherent to internal medicine. The author analyzes strategies on how to keep updated in the scientific literature, the importance of acquiring experience from peers and teachers and emphasizes the value of an adequate patient-physician relationship.


Assuntos
Medicina Interna , Medicina Interna/tendências , Educação Médica Continuada , Relações Médico-Paciente
12.
Rev Neurol (Paris) ; 157(2): 178-86, 2001 Feb.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11283464

RESUMO

This paper reports the clinico-pathological data in a French family with orthochromatic leukodystrophy. The parents were first cousins and had seven children. Among those, two sisters and one brother presented with neurological signs, with onset around the 5(th) decade, including a dementing syndrome of frontal type, a tetrapyramidal syndrome, seizures, and, in one sibling, a cerebellar syndrome. CT scan or MRI showed diffuse involvement of the white matter. The neurological signs worsened progressively leading to death within 11 and 22 months. Neuropathological examination was performed in two cases. It revealed characteristic orthochromatic leukodystrophy. In one case, the presence of pigmented macrophages and astrocytes was suggestive of Van Bogaert and Nyssen disease. However there were some atypical features including the absence of pigmented cells in the second case whose clinical course was shorter, and the cavitary appearance of the white matter changes with a relative increase in the number of oligodendrocytes raising the issue of a possible link between this condition and cavitary orthochromatic leukodystrophies.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/patologia , Leucodistrofia de Células Globoides/patologia , Leucodistrofia de Células Globoides/fisiopatologia , Idoso , Astrócitos/patologia , Família , Feminino , França , Humanos , Leucodistrofia de Células Globoides/genética , Macrófagos/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Linhagem
14.
Immunopharmacology ; 43(2-3): 187-94, 1999 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10596852

RESUMO

LF 16-0687 (1-[[2,4-dichloro-3-[[(2,4-dimethylquinolin-8-yl)oxy] methyl]phenyl]sulfonyl]-N-[3-[[4-(aminoimethyl) phenyl] carbonylamino]propyl]-2(S)-pyrrolidinecarboxamide) has been selected from a large-scale medicinal chemistry program for further development. In competition binding studies using [3H]bradykinin (BK), LF 16-0687 bound to the human, rat and guinea-pig recombinant B2 receptor expressed in CHO cells giving K(i) values of 0.67 nM, 1.74 nM and 1.37 nM, respectively. It also bound to the native BK B2 receptor from human umbilical vein (HUV), rat uterus (RU) and guinea-pig ileum (GPI) giving K(i) values of 0.89 nM, 0.28 nM and 0.98 nM, respectively. It inhibited BK-induced IP1, IP2 and IP3 formation in INT407 cells yielding pK(B) values of 8.5, 8.6 and 8.7, respectively. In isolated organs experiments, LF 16-0687 behaved as a competitive antagonist of BK-mediated contractions giving pA2 values of 9.1 in HUV, 7.7 in RU and 9.1 in GPI. Binding and functional studies performed over 40 different receptors revealed that LF 16-0687 was selective for the BK B2 receptor. A continuous intravenous infusion of LF 16-0687 antagonized in a dose-dependent manner and with a rapid onset of action BK-induced hypotensive response. Subcutaneous administration of LF 16-0687 at 1.1 micromol/kg to rats markedly reduced BK-induced edema of the stomach (- 69%), duodenum (-65%) and pancreas (-56%).


Assuntos
Antagonistas dos Receptores da Bradicinina , Quinolinas/farmacologia , Animais , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Barreira Hematoencefálica , Cricetinae , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Fosfatos de Inositol/metabolismo , Masculino , Contração Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptor B2 da Bradicinina
15.
Br J Pharmacol ; 128(1): 213-9, 1999 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10498854

RESUMO

1. In the present study, we developed an experimental model of cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide (CYP). In order to characterize des-Arg9-BK-induced contraction on the urinary bladder (UB) during the development of inflammation and to quantify kinin B1 receptor gene expression using a quantitative RT - PCR technique. 2. In the presence of peptidase inhibitors captopril (10 microM), DL-thiorphan (1 microM) and DL-2-mercaptomethyl-3-guanidino-ethylthiopropanoic acid (MERGEPTA 5 microM), bradykinin (BK) (0.3 - 3,000 nM) evoked a concentration-dependent contraction of rat UB which was not different between the CYP- and vehicle-treated groups. Unlike BK, des-Arg9-BK (0.3 - 100,000 nM) did not contract UB from vehicle-treated rats but contracted vigorously bladder strips from CYP-treated rats 14, 24 and 168 h after treatment. In UB of 24 h treated rat, the pD2 value of des-Arg9-BK was 7.3+/-0.1. 3. The cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (3 microM) reduced by 30% the maximal response of des-Arg9-BK. Both the kinin B1 receptor antagonists des-Arg9-[Leu8]BK (10 microM) and des-Arg10-Hoe 140 (10 microM) produced a rightward shift of the concentration-response curve to des-Arg9-BK yielding pKB values of 6.8+/-0.2 and 7.2+/-0.1, respectively, whilst the kinin B2 receptor antagonist Hoe 140 (1 microM) had no effect. 4. After CYP treatment, mRNA coding for the kinin B1 receptor appeared predominantly in UB. In this organ, the induction was progressive, reaching a maximum 48 h after CYP treatment. 5. In conclusion, the present study provides strong evidence for an induction of kinin B1 receptors in UB of CYP-treated rats. This was associated at a molecular level with an increase in mRNA expression of the gene coding for the kinin B1 receptor. This kinin receptor displayed the whole features of a classical rat kinin B1 receptor.


Assuntos
Ciclofosfamida/farmacologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores da Bradicinina/metabolismo , Bexiga Urinária/efeitos dos fármacos , Acroleína/metabolismo , Acroleína/farmacologia , Animais , Bradicinina/análogos & derivados , Bradicinina/antagonistas & inibidores , Bradicinina/farmacologia , Antagonistas dos Receptores da Bradicinina , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/farmacologia , Ciclofosfamida/metabolismo , Cistite/induzido quimicamente , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Técnicas In Vitro , Indometacina/farmacologia , Masculino , Contração Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Liso/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Liso/fisiologia , Inibidores de Proteases/farmacologia , RNA Mensageiro/análise , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Receptor B1 da Bradicinina , Receptor B2 da Bradicinina , Receptores da Bradicinina/genética , Bexiga Urinária/metabolismo , Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Urotélio/efeitos dos fármacos , Urotélio/fisiologia
16.
Fundam Clin Pharmacol ; 13(1): 75-83, 1999.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10027091

RESUMO

Activation of the kinin-kallikrein system and stimulation of bradykinin (BK) B2 receptors are thought to play an important role in the pathophysiology of inflammation and pain. In the present study, we report the pharmacological properties of a novel nonpeptide bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist, LF 16-0335C, (1-[[3-[(2,4-dimethylquinolin-8-yl) oxymethyl]-2,4-dichloro-phenyl]sulfonyl]-2(S)-[[4-[4- (aminoiminomethyl)-phenylcarbonyl]piperazin-1-yl]carbo nyl]pyrrolidine, 2HCl). In binding studies, LF 16-0335C competed with [3H]bradykinin giving Ki values of 1.65 +/- 0.36 nM and 2.20 +/- 0.30 nM in membrane preparations from rat uterus (RU) and guinea-pig ileum (GPI), respectively. In functional experiments, LF 16-0335C inhibited in a competitive manner BK-induced contractions of both isolated RU and GPI, leading to calculated pA2 values of 7.70 +/- 0.70 and 8.30 +/- 0.30, respectively. The inhibitory effect of LF 16-0335C was fully reversible by washing in the guinea-pig ileum. In vivo, LF 16-0335C given intravenously inhibited in a dose-dependent manner BK-induced hypotension in both animal species, although it was more potent in the guinea-pig than in the rat (ED50, 2.5 +/- 1.6 micrograms/kg versus 22.6 +/- 2.3 micrograms/kg). BK is a potent constrictor of guinea-pig airways and this effect was markedly attenuated by LF 16-0335C. In contrast, LF 16-0335C did not affect histamine- and acetylcholine-induced hypotensive response in the rat. We conclude that LF 16-0335C is a potent and selective nonpeptide B2 receptor antagonist which equally binds to the rat and guinea-pig receptor but displays a different in vivo potency in the two species. Therefore, this drug represents a useful tool to better assess the role of bradykinin in pathophysiological conditions.


Assuntos
Amidinas/farmacologia , Antagonistas dos Receptores da Bradicinina , Piperazinas/farmacologia , Acetilcolina/farmacologia , Animais , Ligação Competitiva , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Bradicinina/metabolismo , Bradicinina/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Cobaias , Histamina/farmacologia , Íleo/efeitos dos fármacos , Íleo/fisiologia , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Contração Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Receptor B2 da Bradicinina , Receptores da Bradicinina/metabolismo , Trítio , Útero/efeitos dos fármacos , Útero/fisiologia , Vasodilatadores/farmacologia
18.
Br J Pharmacol ; 125(2): 365-72, 1998 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9786510

RESUMO

1. In the present paper, we describe the in vitro pharmacological properties of LF 16.0335 (1-[[3-[(2,4-dimethylquinolin-8-yl)oxymethyl]-2,4-dichloro-p henyl]sulphonyl] -2(S) - [[4 -[4-(aminoiminomethyl)phenylcarbonyl]piperazin-1-yl]ca rbonyl]pyrrolidine), a novel and potent nonpeptide antagonist of the human bradykinin (BK) B2 receptor. 2. LF 16.0335 displaced [3H]-BK binding to membrane preparations from CHO cells expressing the cloned human B2 receptor, INT 407 cells and human umbilical vein with Ki values of 0.84+/-0.39 nM, 1.26+/-0.68 nM and 2.34+/-0.36 nM, respectively. 3. In saturation binding studies performed in INT 407 cell membranes in the presence or absence of LF 16.0335, max values of [3H]-BK were not significantly changed suggesting that LF 16.0335 behaves as a competitive antagonist. 4. LF 16.0335 had no affinity for the cloned human kinin B1 receptor stably expressed in 293 cells. In addition, this compound at 1 microM did not significantly bind to a range of 40 different membrane receptors and eight ion channels except muscarinic M2 and M1 receptors for which an IC50 value of 0.9 and 1 microM was obtained. 5. BK stimulates in a concentration-dependent manner phosphoinositosides (IPs) production in cultured INT 407 cells. Concentration-response-curves to BK were shifted to the right in the presence of LF 16.0335 (0.1 microM) without reduction of the maximum. LF 16.0335 inhibited the concentration-contraction curve to BK in the human umbilical vein giving a pA2 value of 8.30+/-0.30 with a Schild plot slope that was not different from unity. 6. These results demonstrate that LF 16.0335 is a potent, selective and competitive antagonist of the human bradykinin B2 receptor.


Assuntos
Amidinas/farmacologia , Antagonistas dos Receptores da Bradicinina , Bradicinina/farmacologia , Piperazinas/farmacologia , Amidinas/química , Ligação Competitiva , Células Cultivadas , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Fosfatidilinositóis/biossíntese , Piperazinas/química , Receptor B2 da Bradicinina , Veias Umbilicais/efeitos dos fármacos , Veias Umbilicais/metabolismo , Vasoconstrição/efeitos dos fármacos
19.
Rev Neurol (Paris) ; 154(2): 158-62, 1998 Feb.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9773037

RESUMO

A 59-year-old patient progressively developed dementia, hallucinations and facial dyskinesia. Brain T and T2-weighted MRI images showed low signal intensity on basal ganglia specially striatum, posterior thalamic and dentate nuclei. He had no evidence of ceruloplasmin and a high level of ferritin in the serum. Liver biopsy confirmed accumulation of iron in the cytoplasm of many hepatocytes. Similar clinical and biological signs were also observed in two brothers. All the three siblings were homozygous for a hereditary ceruloplasmin deficiency. This new clinico-pathological entity, first described in 1987, is different from Wilson's disease, Hallervorden-Spatz's disease and idiopathic hemochromatosis and linked to a mutation of the ceruloplasmin gene located on chromosome 3.


Assuntos
Encefalopatias/genética , Encéfalo/patologia , Ceruloplasmina/deficiência , Hemossiderose/genética , Encefalopatias/sangue , Encefalopatias/patologia , Ceruloplasmina/genética , Cromossomos Humanos Par 3 , Demência , Feminino , Ferritinas/sangue , Alucinações , Hemossiderose/patologia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos dos Movimentos , Núcleo Familiar
20.
Rev Neurol (Paris) ; 152(3): 165-73, 1996 Mar.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8761626

RESUMO

A partial syndrome of hemisphere disconnection was observed in a 63 year-old woman, following an anterior and middle corpus callosum infarct on MRI. Notably, we found left ideomotor apraxia, diagonistic apraxia, left-year extinction on dichotic listening, but no left-hand anomia nor left visual field anomia. A left tactile extinction in dichaptic condition is interpreted as resultant of a dysregulation of the attentional balance between the two hemispheres. This detailed neuropsychological study permits a correlation between the callosal syndrome and the lesion. We suggest that an occlusion of the anterior callosal artery could explain this limited ischemia.


Assuntos
Infarto Cerebral/complicações , Corpo Caloso/irrigação sanguínea , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso , Infarto Cerebral/diagnóstico , Infarto Cerebral/psicologia , Corpo Caloso/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Síndrome
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