Material de sutura quirúrgica: una expectoración inusual / Surgical suture material: an unusual expectoration

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Effects of oxidized corn oil and a synthetic antioxidant blend on performance, oxidative status of tissues, and fresh meat quality in finishing barrows.

The objective was to evaluate the effect of feeding oxidized corn oil with or without a dietary antioxidant (AOX) on performance, tissue oxidative status, and meat quality in barrows. One hundred sixty barrows were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial of treatments in a complete randomized block design with 8 pens per treatment and 5 pigs per pen. Diets contained 5.0 mg/kg of 1 of 2 types of corn oil (fresh or oxidized) with or without antioxidant. Final oxidized oil was produced in a heated container by continuously bubbling air heated to 95°C at a rate of 80 L/min to reach a target peroxide value of approximately 150 and 7.5 mEq/kg in the final diet. After 56 d, barrows fed diets formulated with fresh oil had increased ADG (P = 0.03) and ADFI (P = 0.04) and heavier final BW (P = 0.03) than barrows fed oxidized oil. Increased G:F (P = 0.07) was observed for barrows fed diets with AOX after 28 d of feeding but not after 56 d of feeding (P = 0.67) when compared with barrows not fed AOX. An increase (P = 0.06) in plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values, a decrease (P = 0.03) in plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activity, and a decrease (P = 0.01) in liver vitamin E concentrations were observed in barrows fed diets with oxidized oil. Dietary AOX reduced plasma protein carbonyl content regardless of oil type (P = 0.04). Barrows fed fresh oil had 4.4% heavier HCW (P = 0.01) and 0.7 percentage units increase in dressing percentage (P = 0.01) compared with barrows fed oxidized oil. Loin TBARS values from barrows fed AOX were lower (P < 0.001) after 14 and 21 d of storage in both fresh and oxidized oil groups. In summary, oxidized oil impaired growth performance and caused oxidation stress. Dietary AOX partially ameliorated the negative effects of oxidized oil in finishing pigs by reducing protein oxidation and improving shelf life.

[Monitoring oxygen consumption in energy metabolism in pediatric anesthesia: clinical utility]. / Monitorización del consumo metabólico de oxígeno en anestesia pediátrica. Utilidad clínica.

OBJECTIVES: To determine changes in oxygen consumption as a marker of energy metabolism during general inhaled anesthesia in pediatric patients and to identify factors that might influence consumption. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective, observational, double-blind study in children under inhaled anesthesia in spontaneous ventilation. We monitored heart rate electrocardiogram, noninvasive blood pressure, respiratory frequency, carbon dioxide (CO2) end-expiratory pressure, oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry, state entropy, response entropy, esophageal temperature, and (by indirect calorimetry) oxygen consumption and the respiratory quotient. Capillary blood was extracted every 5 minutes to determine lactate concentration. RESULTS: Thirty-six patients (ASA 1-2) between 5 and 11 years old were included. Mean (SD) oxygen consumption was 0.6 (0.12) mL x kg(-1)min(-1) at baseline, 5.3 (03) mL x kg(-1) min(-1) during maintenance of anesthesia, and 8.1 (1.1) mL x kg(-1) min(-1) on awakening. A progressive increase was detected in lactic acid concentration, from a baseline mean of 0.8 (0.1) mmol/L to 2.2 (0.9) mmol/L half an hour later; the change was unrelated to oxygen consumption. After correcting the flow of normal saline solution to 0.9%, a significant increase in oxygen consumption (P < .05) was detected. Factors that were significantly correlated (P < 0.1 and r of +/- 0.95) were temperature (oxygen consumption decreased > 10% for each degree centigrade decrease), inspired oxygen fraction > 0.8; sharp changes in the expired CO2 fraction exceeding 2 standard deviations (+/- 6), use of nitrous oxide in the gas mix (inspired nitrous oxide fraction > 20%), the length of the sampling line, and increased respiratory frequency. A model with 3 factors was constructed to explain the kinetics of oxygen consumption during anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: Oxygen consumption monitoring may provide an indirect indicator of homeostatic changes during surgery. The ideal system for carrying out such monitoring during anesthesia remains to be found, and the values to guide the anesthesiologist in deciding whether or not to intervene immediately still need to be determined.

Monitorización del consumo metabólico de oxígeno en anestesia pediátrica. Utilidad clínica / Monitoring oxygen consumption in energy metabolism in pediatric anesthesia: clinical utility

OBJETIVOS: Comprobar las modificaciones en el consumometabólico de oxígeno durante la anestesia generalinhalatoria en el paciente pediátrico y determinar losfactores que pudieran influirlo.MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacionalprospectivo y doble ciego en niños anestesiadoscon anestesia inhalatoria en ventilación espontánea. Semonitorizó la frecuencia cardiaca, el ECG, la presiónarterial no invasiva, la frecuencia respiratoria, la fraccióntelespiratoria de CO2, la saturación de O2 por pulsioximetría,así como la entropía de estado y respuesta,temperatura esofágica y, por calorimetría indirecta, consumode oxígeno y el cociente respiratorio. Se realizaronextracciones capilares seriadas para determinar lactatocada 5 minutos.RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 36 pacientes de entre 5 y11 años, ASA I y II. El consumo de oxígeno medio encondiciones basales fue 0,6 ± 0,12 ml Kg–1 min–1, duranteel mantenimiento de 5,3 ± 0,3 ml Kg–1 min–1 y en el despertarde 8,1 ± 1,1 ml Kg–1 min–1. Tras la primera mediahora se detectó un aumento progresivo de ácido lácticodel valor medio basal (0,8 ± 0,1 mmol/l), hasta 2,2 ± 0,9mmol/l, que no se correspondía con cambios en el consumode oxígeno. Al corregir con la administración desuero salino fisiológico al 0,9% se detectó elevación significativadel consumo de O2 (p < 0,05). Los factores consignificación estadística (p < 0,01) y un índice de correlación(r) superior a ± 0,95 fueron la temperatura (cadagrado de caída produjo un descenso del consumo de O2> 10%), una FiO2 > 0,8; cambios bruscos en la fracciónespirada de CO2 (superiores a 2 derivaciones estándares± 6), la asociación a la mezcla de gases de óxido nitroso(FiN2O > 20%), la longitud de la línea de muestreo y losaumentos de frecuencia respiratoria. Se pudo obtener unmodelo de tres componentes que determinan la cinéticadel consumo de O2 durante anestesia...(AU)

OBJECTIVES: To determine changes in oxygenconsumption as a marker of energy metabolism duringgeneral inhaled anesthesia in pediatric patients and toidentify factors that might influence consumption.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective, observational,double-blind study in children under inhaled anesthesiain spontaneous ventilation. We monitored heart rateelectrocardiogram, noninvasive blood pressure,respiratory frequency, carbon dioxide (CO2) endexpiratorypressure, oxygen saturation by pulseoximetry, state entropy, response entropy, esophagealtemperature, and (by indirect calorimetry) oxygenconsumption and the respiratory quotient. Capillaryblood was extracted every 5 minutes to determine lactateconcentration.RESULTS: Thirty-six patients (ASA 1-2) between 5 and11 years old were included. Mean (SD) oxygenconsumption was 0.6 (0.12) mL·kg-1min-1 at baseline, 5.3(0.3) mL·kg-1min-1 during maintenance of anesthesia, and8.1 (1.1) mL·kg-1min-1 on awakening. A progressiveincrease was detected in lactic acid concentration, froma baseline mean of 0.8 (0.1) mmol/L to 2.2 (0.9) mmol/Lhalf an hour later; the change was unrelated to oxygenconsumption. After correcting the flow of normal salinesolution to 0.9%, a significant increase in oxygen aproximaconsumption(P<.05) was detected. Factors that weresignificantly correlated (P<0.1 and r of ±0.95) weretemperature (oxygen consumption decreased >10% foreach degree centigrade decrease), inspired oxygenfraction >0.8; sharp changes in the expired CO2 fractionexceeding 2 standard deviations (±6), use of nitrousoxide in the gas mix (inspired nitrous oxide fraction>20%), the length of the sampling line, and increasedrespiratory frequency. A model with 3 factors wasconstructed to explain the kinetics of oxygenconsumption during anesthesia...(AU)

The effect of zilpaterol hydrochloride on meat quality of calf-fed Holstein steers.

The objective of these studies was to evaluate the effects of zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH), fed for 0, 20, or 30 d, on meat quality attributes of calf-fed Holstein steers. Steers were slaughtered at a commercial facility, and carcasses were selected by HCW to represent the pen mean. Further carcass selection was based on quality grade (Choice and Select) and yield grade. Proximate composition, measures of water holding capacity, and tenderness using Warner-Bratzler shear force after 7, 14, or 21 d postmortem were evaluated on the shoulder clod (triceps brachii), top butt (gluteus medius), and strip loin (longissimus lumborum). Percentage of purge for the 3 subprimals was not different (P > 0.05) among ZH treatments. Steers fed ZH for 20 d or 30 d had decreased (P < 0.05) percentages of fat in the triceps brachii, compared with 0-d ZH. Percentage of fat was less (P < 0.05) in the gluteus medius and longissimus lumborum when steers were fed ZH for 30 d compared with those steers fed ZH for 0 d. Percentage of fat was greater in Choice triceps brachii (P < 0.05) and longissimus lumborum (P < 0.10) compared with Select. Thaw loss was not different (P > 0.05) for any muscle due to ZH treatment. Only longissimus had a greater (P < 0.05) cooking loss with ZH treatment. Cooking loss was not different (P > 0.05) for the gluteus medius or longissimus lumborum due to quality grade or aging day. At each aging day, the 20- and 30-d ZH longissimus lumborum had greater (P < 0.05) shear force values than 0 d; however, 20- and 30-d ZH had a greater absolute change in shear force from 7 to 21 d than that of 0 d ZH. Triceps brachii steaks were less tender (P < 0.05) after ZH treatment, but gluteus medius steaks were not different (P > 0.05). There was no difference (P > 0.05) in shear force due to quality grade. Results illustrate the use of ZH in calf-fed Holstein steers will have minimal effects on purge, thaw, or cooking loss. Percentage of intramuscular fat will decrease, especially when fed for longer durations. Steaks from ZH treated steers were tougher than steaks from control animals at all aging times, but ZH steaks became more tender with postmortem aging.

Erupciones cutáneas y masa pancreática / No disponible

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The effect of ractopamine hydrochloride (Paylean(®)) on lean carcass yields and pork quality characteristics of heavy pigs fed normal and amino acid fortified diets.

Effects of ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC) on carcass parameters in heavy weight (133.24±8.07kg) finishing pigs (n=278) given amino acid fortified (AA) or 16% crude protein (CP) diets were evaluated. A total of seven experimental diets were formulated; RAC was added at 0, 5 and 20ppm to the 16% CP diets (CP0, CP5 and CP20, respectively) and at 0, 5, 10 and 20ppm to the AA fortified diets (AA0, AA5, AA10 and AA20, respectively). Carcass, tenderloin, and ham weights were heavier (P<0.05) for RAC AA diets vs. AA0. Loin weight was heavier (P<0.05) for AA20 vs. AA0 and CP20 vs. CP0. No differences (P>0.05) were observed for color or firmness scores. Carcass muscle score, ham weight and protein% were greater (P<0.05) for RAC diets. Moisture was greater (P<0.05) and fat was lower (P<0.05) for AA5 and AA20 vs. AA0 and CP5 and CP20 vs. CP0. Feeding RAC to late finishing swine increases carcass yields and protein% with lower fat% for pigs weighing up to 136kg.

Carcass, meat quality, and sensory characteristics of heavy body weight pigs fed ractopamine hydrochloride (Paylean).

Carcass characteristics, meat quality traits, and sensory attributes were evaluated in late-finishing barrows and gilts, weighing between 100 to 130 kg of BW, fed 0, 5, or 7.4 mg/kg of ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC) for the final 21 to 28 d before slaughter. Carcass data were collected from carcasses from barrows and gilts (n = 168), and all primal cuts from the right sides of these carcasses were fabricated to calculate primal yields as a percentage of the HCW. Subjective (National Pork Producers Council and Japanese) color, firmness, and marbling scores were determined on the LM of each loin and the semimembranosus muscle (SM) of the ham, whereas the moisture, extractable lipid, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), and trained sensory evaluations (juiciness, tenderness, and pork flavor) were measured on the LM samples only. Gilts produced heavier (P < 0.05) HCW than barrows, whereas feeding RAC increased (P < 0.05) HCW over pigs fed diets devoid of RAC. Carcasses from gilts also had greater (P < 0.02) primal cut and lean cut (P < 0.01) yields than barrows, and dietary inclusion of 5 mg/kg of RAC increased (P < 0.05) total boneless cut and lean cut yields when compared with carcass from pigs fed 0 or 7.4 mg/kg of RAC. Warner-Bratzler shear forces values were greater (P < 0.05) in the LM of gilts than barrows, but only juiciness scores were greater (P < 0.03) in LM chops from barrows than gilts. The LM from barrows had greater intramuscular lipid (P < 0.001) than the LM from gilts, and even though the LM from pigs fed 5 mg/kg of RAC had greater (P < 0.04) WBSF values than the LM from pigs fed 0 or 7.4 mg/kg of RAC, including RAC in the late-finishing diets for 21 or 28 d did not affect sensory panel rating or percentages of moisture and intramuscular lipid. In summary, addition of RAC in the late-finishing diet improved carcass and primal cut yields when it was fed at 5 and 7.4 mg/kg without altering pork quality traits regardless of whether RAC was fed for 21 or 28 d.

Effect of ractopamine level, gender, and duration of ractopamine on belly and bacon quality traits.

The objective was to determine belly and bacon quality traits in pigs fed ractopamine (RAC) for various durations during finishing. A 2×3×2 factorial arrangement was used with barrows and gilts, fed RAC levels of 0.0, 5.0, or 7.4ppm, for 21 or 28d prior to harvest. Bellies were fabricated and measured for length, thickness, firmness, and processing yields. Once processed, 1.27cm slices were removed at 25%, 50%, and 75% the distance from the blade end, packaged and digitally imaged using a Chem1 Genius(2) Bio Imaging System. Total slice area (TA), total slice length (TL), secondary lean length (SL), secondary lean area (SA), and percent lean area (TA - all lean components=LA) were determined by tracing images in Adobe Photoshop Elements. A composite sample from the three slices was used for proximate analysis to determine moisture and fat composition for each belly. Feeding RAC increased belly yield, TA, TL, SA, and LA (P<0.05), but did not alter moisture or fat composition (P>0.05). Gilts had decreased firmness and higher pump uptakes compared to barrows (P<0.05). Additionally gilts had increased TL, SL, and LA with lower fat and higher moisture content (P<0.05). RAC feeding duration had no significant effect on belly or bacon quality traits (P>0.05), furthermore, no interactions were found to be significant (P>0.05). RAC administration during finishing resulted in improved belly and bacon yields with no negative effects on the quality traits evaluated.

Patrón intersticial como manifestación de linfoma MALT con afectación pulmonar y gástrica / Interstitial pattern as manifestation of MALT lymphoma with pulmonary and gastric involvement

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Peroxynitrite mediates the failure of neutrophil migration in severe polymicrobial sepsis in mice.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response resulting from the inability of the host to restrict local infection. The failure of neutrophil migration to the infection site is one of the mechanisms involved in this process. Recently, it was demonstrated that this event is mediated by nitric oxide (NO). The present study addresses the possibility that peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), a NO-derived powerful oxidizing and nitrating compound, could also be involved in neutrophil migration failure. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Male C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to moderate (MSI) or severe (SSI) septic injury, both induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The leukocyte rolling and adhesion in the mesentery was evaluated by intravital microscopy. Cytokines (TNF-alpha and MIP-1alpha) were measured by ELISA and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) by immunofluorescence. KEY RESULTS: Compared with saline pretreatment of SSI mice, pre-treatment with uric acid, a ONOO(-) scavenger, partially restored the failure of neutrophil rolling, adhesion and migration to the site of infection. These mice also presented low circulating bacterial counts and diminished systemic inflammatory response. Pretreatment with uric acid reduced 3-NT labelling in leukocytes in mesenteric tissues and in neutrophils obtained from peritoneal exudates. Finally, uric acid pretreatment enhanced significantly the survival rate in the SSI mice. Similarly, treatment with FeTPPs, a more specific ONOO(-) scavenger, re-established neutrophil migration and increased mice survival rate. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: These results indicate that ONOO(-) contributed to the reduction of neutrophil/endothelium interaction and the consequent failure of neutrophil migration into infection foci and hence susceptibility to severe sepsis.

En búsqueda de la salud ambiental mediante el establecimiento de un sistema de gestión de la calidad en la Reserva de Biosfera del Bosque de Mbaracayú-Paraguay / Search of environmental health through the establishment of a quality management system in the Mbaracayu Forest Biosphere Reserve

Los nuevos retos de la gestión y conservación de la biodiversidad requieren de la gestión integral de las áreas protegidas con el objetivo de conservar o mejorar la salud ambiental de los ecosistemas. Se considera que la salud ambiental se refiere a la capacidad del ecosistema de proporcionar insumos para actividades antrópicas sin estar comprometido su funcionamiento espacio-temporal, conservando los principales elementos estructurales que lo conforman y manteniendo la capacidad de recuperación aún dentro del stress y resiliencia propios del ecosistema. Si bien, existen diversas posibilidades en cuanto a la gestión de la biodiversidad, en este caso se ha implementado con alto éxito un sistema de gestión de la calidad en el manejo del área núcleo de la Reserva de Biosfera basado en la normativa internacional ISO. Se señalan los aspectos más relevantes y recomendaciones para la incorporación del sistema de gestión, así como algunas de las lecciones aprendidas durante la incorporación del sistema en un área de este tipo.

Failure of neutrophil migration to infectious focus and cardiovascular changes on sepsis in rats: Effects of the inhibition of nitric oxide production, removal of infectious focus, and antimicrobial treatment.

Recently, we demonstrated that mice under lethal sepsis present failure of neutrophil migration (FNM) to infectious focus, which is mediated by nitric oxide. The aims of the present study were to investigate whether FNM is also observed in severe sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture in rats and the effects of the prevention of nitric oxide production and of the elimination of the infectious focus through peritoneal lavage or by antimicrobial treatment on FNM and disease outcome. Rats were submitted to several septic stimuli (low, moderate, and severe) by cecal ligation and puncture. Severe septic stimulus animals presented FNM to the peritoneal cavity that was accompanied by large numbers of bacteria in the peritoneal cavity, blood, and liver and lung tissues; high cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin [IL] 1beta, IL-6, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1, and IL-10) concentrations in the infection site, sera, and lung tissues; marked hypotension; and high mortality rate. The exhaustive lavage of the peritoneal cavity to reduce the infectious focus did not ameliorate the disease outcome. The association of lavage procedure with aminoguanidine treatment re-established neutrophil migration, but only delayed the death of the animals. In contrast, the antimicrobial treatment of severe septic stimulus animals with sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim significantly improved the survival rate of the severe septic stimulus but did not re-establish neutrophil migration. However, the association of aminoguanidine plus sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim brought about a significant increase in the survival rate and re-established neutrophil migration to infectious focus; reduced the colony-forming units in the peritoneal cavity, blood, and lung tissues; and caused an improvement in the cardiovascular performance. The results showed, for the first time, that the pharmacological prevention of FNM to the infectious focus associated with the antimicrobial therapy could be a new beneficial strategy for the treatment of sepsis syndrome.

Grado de cumplimiento de los objetivos de control metabólico y de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 en un área de Atención Primaria / Degree of fulfillment of the objectives of control metabolico and the factors of diabetic cardiovascular risk in patients type 2 in an area of Primary Attention

La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) representa un importante problema de salud pública, debido a su elevada prevalencia y alta morbimortalidad, que se incrementa, aún más, por su asociación a determinados factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRV). Por ello es importante una acción conjunta sobre todas estas alteraciones, ya que su control previene las manifestaciones vasculares. Objetivo: Se basa en la detección y determinación del grado de control de los factores de riesgo asociados a pacientes con DM2, según los datos dados por las diferentes organizaciones internacionales, estudiados en un Centro de Salud de Valladolid. Método: Se trata de un estudio transversal descriptivo para evaluar el control de distintos FRV en pacientes diagnosticados y tratados de DM2 de acuerdo a los diferentes criterios establecidos. La muestra está formada por 74 pacientes adultos (41 varones y 33 mujeres), incluidos en el Programa de Diabetes Mellitus de un “cupo” perteneciente al Centro de Salud de Rondilla 2, del Área Este de Atención Primaria de Valladolid, para la consulta programada de control de riesgo cardiovascular. Resultados y conclusiones: Se detecta un pobre control de la mayoría de los FRV, por lo que deberán indicarse medidas de control más estrictas, con el fin de prevenir las complicaciones vasculares relacionadas con ellos

Diabetes mellitus type is one of de most important health problem in the world, due to its high prevalence and morbidity and its relation with several cardiovascular risk factors. That´s why a global action, aimed to prevent these vascular syndromes, is needed. Objective: the goal of this study is to detect and determine how cardiovascular risk factor are controlled in diabetic type 2 patients, according to the date supplied by several international organization that have been studied at a Health Centre of Valladolid. Methods: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study to evaluate the control of several cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic patients according to the different stablished criteria. The sample is formed by 74 adult patients (41 men and 33 women), included in the Diabetes Mellitus Programm at Health Centre of Rondilla 2, at East Area of Primary Care of Valladolid, in the programmed consultation of cardiovascular risk factors control. Results and conclusion: I has been observed that the majority of these cardiovascular risk factors are not well controlled. In this way, stringent mesures of control should be considered in order to prevent the cardiovascular complications related to them

[Degree of fulfillment of the objectives of metabolic control and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes in an area of primary attention]. / Grado de cumplimiento de los objetivos de control metabólico y de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 en un área de Atención Primaria.

UNLABELLED: Diabetes mellitus type is one of de most important health problem in the world, due to its high prevalence and morbidity and its relation with several cardiovascular risk factors. That s why a global action, aimed to prevent these vascular syndromes, is needed. OBJECTIVE: the goal of this study is to detect and determine how cardiovascular risk factor are controlled in diabetic type 2 patients, according to the date supplied by several international organization that have been studied at a Health Centre of Valladolid. METHODS: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study to evaluate the control of several cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic patients according to the different established criteria. The sample is formed by 74 adult patients (41 men and 33 women), included in the Diabetes Mellitus Program at Health Centre of Rondilla 2, at East Area of Primary Care of Valladolid, in the programmed consultation of cardiovascular risk factors control. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: I has been observed that the majority of these cardiovascular risk factors are not well controlled. In this way, stringent measures of control should be considered in order to prevent the cardiovascular complications related to them.

[Epilepsy: an incapacitating disease? Propitiatory topic for a free program for epileptics]. / Epilepsia: enfermedad discapacitante?. Tema propiciatorio para EPI-G.

The facts and causes for the margination of people that suffer epilepsy, their problems regards social adaptation and even familiar troubles, all together circumstances that they are carrying since ever in the times until nowadays, are reviewed on the basis of the social and historical aspects and the evolution of ideas regards epileptology. It is stated why such opinions should be reconsidered and instead of which, to divulge appropriate arguments to realize that those persons should enjoy general acceptance and achieve the most adequate development.