RESUMO
A survey of the genetic ancestry of 125 Cambodian children resident in Siem Reap province was undertaken, based on eight Y-chromosome binary polymorphisms and sequencing of the mtDNA HV1 region. The data indicated a largely East Asian paternal ancestry and a local Southeast Asian maternal ancestry. The presence of Y-chromosomes P* and R1al* was suggestive of a small but significant Indo-European male ancestral component, which probably reflects the history of Indian, and later European, influences on Cambodia.
Assuntos
Povo Asiático , Cromossomos Humanos Y/genética , Genes Ligados ao Cromossomo Y , Polimorfismo Genético , População Branca , Camboja , Criança , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Fluxo Gênico , Haplótipos , Humanos , Masculino , FilogeniaRESUMO
The antioxidant activities of three prenylated flavonoids from Dorstenia mannii (6,8-diprenyleriodictyol, dorsmanin C and dorsmanin F) were compared to the common, non-prenylated flavonoid, quercetin. The prenylated flavonoids were found to be potent scavengers of the stable free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and are more potent than butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), a common antioxidant used as a food additive. The prenylated flavonoids also inhibited Cu(2+)-mediated oxidation of human low density lipoprotein (LDL). Dose-response studies indicated that the prenylated flavonoids were effective inhibitors of lipoprotein oxidation with IC50 values <1 microM and had similar inhibitory potency compared to quercetin, but was not directly related to Cu binding. Unlike quercetin, they did not show any pro-oxidant activity at high doses in the Cu(2+)-mediated lipoprotein oxidation system. The medicinal action of Dorstenia mannii may be related to the high concentration of potent antioxidant prenylated flavonoids in this species.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/química , Flavonoides/química , Moraceae/química , África , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Compostos de Bifenilo , Hidroxitolueno Butilado/química , Flavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/química , Picratos/química , Quercetina/química , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The roots of B. capitata yielded the new compounds 5,8-dihydroxy-1-tigloylmethylnaphtho[2,3-c]furan-4,9-dione, 1-acetoxymethyl-8-hydroxynaphtho[2,3-c]furan-4,9-dione, and 1-acetoxymethyl-5,8-dihydroxynaphtho[2,3-c]furan-4,9-dione, in addition to the known compounds chrysophanol, 10,10'-chrysophanol bianthrone, 8-hydroxy-1-methylnaphtho[2,3-c]furan-4,9-dione, 5,8-dihydroxy-1-methylnaphtho[2,3-c]furan-4,9-dione, 5,8-dihydroxy-1-hydroxymethylnaphtho[2,3-c]furan-4,9-dione, and 8-hydroxy-5-methoxy-1-methylnaphtho[2,3-c]furan-4,9-dione, or 5-hydroxy-8-methoxy-1-methylnaphtho[2,3-c]furan-4,9-dione. The new as well as the known isofuranonaphthoquinones showed antioxidant and weak antiplasmodial activities.
Assuntos
Antimaláricos/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Furanos/isolamento & purificação , Naftoquinonas/isolamento & purificação , Raízes de Plantas/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Animais , Antimaláricos/química , Antimaláricos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Furanos/química , Furanos/farmacologia , Humanos , Hipoxantina/farmacologia , Peróxidos Lipídicos/análise , Lipoproteínas LDL/sangue , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Estrutura Molecular , Naftoquinonas/química , Naftoquinonas/farmacologia , Plasmodium falciparum/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
An improved method for the measurement of tissue metabolites associated with cellular energetic state by capillary electrophoresis is described. This method allows 17 compounds present in a mixture of standards to be determined simultaneously within 43 min with good reproducibility. ATP, ADP, AMP, UTP, IMP, inosine, hypoxanthine, creatine, phosphocreatine, UDP-galactose, NAD and NADH were detected in samples of either rat heart tissue or rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. This method can detect compounds at concentrations of 5 microm in samples. Recoveries for ATP and phosphocreatine added to cardiomyocyte samples were 99.4 +/- 2.1% and 103.1 +/- 3.3%, respectively (mean +/- SEM, n = 3). Our method has been comprehensively validated and is capable of measuring a wider range of tissue metabolites important in assessing cellular energy status than existing methods.
