[Evaluation of changing antibiotic prescription habits in a general hospital center]. / Evaluation de l'évolution des pratiques de prescription des antibiotiques dans un centre hospitalier général.

OBJECTIVE: Two audits of antibiotic prescriptions were conducted within the framework of the fight against bacterial resistance conducted at the Valence Hospital Center (Drôme, France). The first was made between July 1st and 31st 1998 and the second between December 15th 1999 and January 15th, 2000, both based on the prospective observation scheme. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied prescriptions written for antibiotics, recording the compound prescribed, the therapeutic indication, the type of infection and the prescriber. Results of these two audits were compared with the chi-square test. RESULTS: The prescriber was correctly identified (name + signature) on 63.1% of the prescriptions in 1998 and on 92.9% in 1999-2000. The patient was correctly identified (name + first name + age) in 89.9% of the prescriptions in 1998 compared with 95% in 1999-2000. For the compounds prescribed, 30.2% of the prescriptions were complete (name + dose + frequency + duration + administration route) in 1998 compared with 44.5% in 1999-2000. The antibiotic was prescribed for prophylactic purposes in 16.2% of the cases in 1998 and in 8.6% in 1999-2000. Empirical curative antibiotic therapy was prescribed in 44.7% of the cases in 1998 and in 49.3% in 1999-2000. Curative antibiotic therapy was prescribed in 16.2% in 1998 and in 9.3% in 1999-2000 for proven infection and with no mention of proof in 22.9% in 1998 and 32.8% in 2000. DISCUSSION: We observed an improvement in the identification of the prescriber, the patient and the drugs used between the two audits. These results were generally satisfactory and reflect the impact of an information campaign conducted after the first audit. Such audits are part of the ongoing policy designed around the antibiotic booklet and within the framework of the newly instituted antibiotic committees.

[Macrolides and drug interactions: review of the literature]. / Macrolides et interactions médicamenteuses: revue de la littérature.

Clarithromycin, azithromycin and dirithromycin have recently been introduced in France. We list the different drug-interactions with these three new drugs and with erythromycin, josamycin, roxithromycin, midecamycin and spiramycin.

[Neuropsychic side-effects of therapeutic doses of zipeprol]]. / Effets neuropsychiques indésirables du zipéprol à dose thérapeutique.

We report the two first cases of neuropsychic side-effects with zipeprol (non opiate antitussive) given at therapeutic doses. In both cases, the patients showed confusion, whereas, hallucinations occurred only in one case. The anticholinergic activity of zipeprol might explain these effects. These two cases are in agreement with zipeprol central nervous system action.