ANDRIJA STAMPAR AS PRESIDENT OF THE INTERIM COMMISSION OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION

This paper provides an analysis of Andrija Stampar's activities after World War II on the establishment of effective international health. Analyzed archival materials have confirmed with numerous evidence that Stampar as the president of the Interim Commission of the World Health Organization (WHO) played a crucial role in the establishment of the ideological starting points and organization of the WHO system, which remain relevant to date. Apart from the strategic foundations, it has been shown that his principles regarding the need for practical action based on the best professional knowledge and experience have no alternatives. The above is presented in the paper with the details of Stampar's activities during the cholera epidemic in Egypt and associated with the experiences of the recent global crisis caused by the COVID pandemic.

Public health experiences from interwar Croatia (Yugoslavia) and making western medicine in the 1930s China

To gain control and domination over a particular territory, medicine was often used as a tool for promoting different interests. Using the activities of the League of Nations Health Organization and the Rockefeller Foundation on the territory of China in 1930s, this paper analyses the interconnection of the international and local factors in the transformation of the traditional Chinese milieu to suit the new and trendy public health projects. These activities were conducted not only to improve the public health conditions in the country, but also to introduce the Chinese public health to the processes of internationalization and standardization to the west oriented type of medicine and medical education. Initiated processes necessarily interfered with the political influences, economical interests and cultural environment as well as with military actions in this very turbulent time of Chinese history. Public health activities were carried out by the group of international experts. Among them the main position took two Croatian physicians: Andrija Stampar (one of the founders of the World Health Organisation later) and Berislav Borcic (a director of the School of Public Health in Zagreb). On the basis of correspondence between these two physicians, as well as the travel diary of Andrija Stampar, this essay presents some less known details about the situation in China and the interlacing between politics and medicine.

[Formal, functional, and fashionable: nurse uniforms in Croatia between the 1920s and 1940s]. / Sluzbeno, prakticno I elegantno: o uniformama sestara pomocnica - medicinskih sestara od 1920 -ih do 1940-ih godina u hrvatskoj.

This article recollects the development of the official uniforms of graduate nurses in Croatia from the early 1920s to the 1940s. These were the early days of a profession that has gained its authority not only in health care, but also in social work, especially when it comes to health education and social support. This new profession called for a clear visual identity that would appropriately represent its status and the competence of the women who wore the uniforms. The article follows the line of continuity in the design and symbols of nurse clothing over the early days of the profession.

[Vampires in the village Zrnovo on the island of Korcula: following an archival document from the 18th century]. / Vampiri u Korculanskom selu Zrnovo: tragom jednog arhivskog spisa iz XVIII. Stoljeca.

The main interest of this essay is the analysis of the document from the State Archive in Venice (file: Capi del Consiglio de' Dieci: Lettere di Rettori e di altre cariche) which is connected with the episode from 1748 when the inhabitants of the village zrnove on the island of Korcula in Croatia opened tombs on the local cemetery in the fear of the vampires treating. This essay try to show some social circumstances connected with this event as well as a local vernacular tradition concerning superstitions.

[Croatian Medical Association, Andrija Stampar and public health politics in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians (Kingdom of Yugoslavia)]. / Zbor Lijecnika Hrvatske, Andrija Stampar i javnozdravstvena politika u kraljevini Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca (kraljevini Jugoslaviji).

The research on work of doctor Andrija Stampar (1888-1958) as the head of the Hygienic division of The Ministry of Public Health of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians from 1919 till 1929-1931 is presented, as well as the influence of the Health Section of the League of Nations and Rockefeller Foundation. Special attention is also given to the resistance of practicing physicians around the Croatian Medical Association in Zagreb to Stampar's project of socialization of medicine. In addition, I will elaborate on the changing of the official public health politics after Stampar's dismissal from the Ministry in 1931, as well as the new changes connected with the founding of politically more independent province - Banovina Hrvatska in 1939. The article is mostly based on unpublished archival sources about the life and work of A. Stampar, as well as the documentation of Rockefeller Foundation.

Popular health education and venereal diseases in Croatia between two World Wars.

The article presents the research of popular health education on venereal diseases in Croatia between the World Wars. In the inter-war period, the traditional plain approach to popular health education was replaced with new, complex meth-ods, which became the basis for the modem work in this field. New social medicine ideas and new health politics, as well as the new founded institutions such as the School of Public Health in Zagreb and different anti-venereal outpatient facilities, were crucial for changing popular health education after World War I. Based mostly on archival documents, this article explores popular health education as a vehicle for identification of attitudes and concepts within the medical community. Ambivalence in the perception of essential approaches towards popular heath education is elaborated on the ground of controversies within prominent medical representatives. With the support of new technologies, public health methods in the inter-war period matured in form and complexity. Despite various new methods, which made their way into different parts of everyday life, the subject matter of venereal diseases was treated through a limited number of methods due to the conservative attitudes of society, as well as resistance of many physicians.