[Smoked sausages and food additives: evaluation of total mutagenic activity].

The paper deals with the evaluation of the total mutagenic activity of samples of the inorganic and organic fractions of three technology smoked sausages (boiled-smoked, semi-smoked, and raw-smoked) and some food additives used to manufacture the above sausages. Their mild and moderate mutagenic effects were recorded in a Salmonella typhimurium bacterial test system with a metabolic activation system. Physicochemical analysis of the fractions of the smoked sausages has shown that their study samples are substantially contaminated with heavy metals and representatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, partially causing the mutagenic effects observed.

[The mutagenicity of the gas component of the atmosphere as an index of its quality]. / Mutagennost' gazovoi komponenty atmosfernogo vozdukha kak pokazatel' ego kachesta.

Using an Ames proximate method with a metabolic activation, the authors could investigate the capacity of chemical substances complex extracted from the samples of the atmospheric air gas components of some industrial Ukrainian cities to induce genes' mutation at TA 98 and TA 100. It was shown that air samples extracted in the cities with predominantly developed metallurgical industry had induced the mutagenic effect of "medium" power; the atmospheric air of the cities with predominantly developed chemical industry had induced both "medium" and "weak" mutagenic effects; the atmospheric air of relatively "clean" cities either had not induced mutagenic effects or had induced "weak" effects. State of the system of metabolic activation was mainly uneffective.

[The antimutagenic action of apiculture products]. / Antimutagennoe deistvie produktov pchelovodstva.

Using the battery of test-systems, we studied the possible antimutagenic activity of some products of apiculture. It is established that apilak-preparation made on the basis of queen bee milk didn't show gene-protective abilities in Ames test. The rest products of apiculture: propolis, beebread, honey preparations N1 and N2, and queen bee milk manifested to some degree their ability to decrease the mutagenic effects of some chemical and physical mutagens. The toxic effect of propolis upon yeast cells was established. Queen bee milk manifested the least antimutagenic properties (on all test-objects used in experiments).

[The products of water chlorination as inducers of gene mutations]. / Prodykty khlorirovaniia vody kak induktory gennykh mutatsii.

Experimental data on water mutagenicity from Dnepro technological chain of pipe-line water purification were obtained using Ames express method of gene mutation induction in histidine-dependent strains of Salmonella typhimurium series TA (TA 98 and TA 100). It was shown that water mutagenicity depended on the level of water pollution by chemical substances in the river Dnieper and the use of chlorine for water disinfection.

[The evaluation of the mutagenic activity of gaseous particles in the atmospheric air by using a microbiological test]. / Otsenka mutagennoi aktivnosti gazovykh chastits atmosfernogo vozdukha s pomoshch'iu mikrobiologicheskogo testa.

Total mutagen activity of a gas component in chemical pollutions of the atmospheric air in a number of industrially developed towns of Ukraine has been studied and assessed in a microbiological test on Salmonella typhimurium. The towns were chosen proceeding from the specificity of industry: metallurgical industry (Mariupol, Zaporozhye, Donetsk, Krivoi Rog, Makeevka); chemical industry (Cherkassy, Chernigov; Kremenchug, Severodonetsk, Lisichansk, Gorlovka, Rovno, Sumy) and conditionally control ones (Simferopol, Sevastopol, Nikolaev, Poltava, Zhitomir). The air samples, 100 m3, have been taken in each town weekly during a month by special absorbers of Polysorb-2 type. The extraction of chemical matters from absorbers was carried out by traditional methods. Chemical matters were dissolved in dimethyl sulphoxide and tested for its ability to induce the gene mutations. The studies have shown that the atmospheric air samples from the group of "metallurgical" towns prove the mutagen activity, classified as the "middle" one (the number of revertant colonies in the experiment exceeded the control 10.3 to 22.2 times). The mutagenicity of "chemical" towns was on the level of "middle" and "weak", that of conditionally control ones was on the level of "weak" only.

[Salmonella typhimurium as a test system for detecting the mutagenic activity of environmental pollutants]. / Salmonella typhimurium kak test-sistema vyiavleniia mutagennoi aktivnosti zagriaznitelei okruzhaiushchei sredy.

The mutagenic activity of some dyes, derivatives of anthraquinone and aniline, was studied in tests on Salmonella typhimurium. A total of 16 anthraquinones and 9 anilines were tested. It was detected that 7 anthraquinone dyes did not induce gene mutations in Salmonella. Two substances, 2-chlor-anthraquinone and 1-nitro-anthraquinone, showed a medium-strength effect. Seven dyes (1-methyl-amino-4-bromanthraquinone, leuko-1,4-diamino-anthraquinone, 1,5-diaminoanthraquinone, 1-chlor-anthraquinone, 1,2- and 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone, 1-chlor-4-benzil-amino-anthraquinone) were weak mutagens. The metabolic activation system was not effective, i.e. the dyes studied are mutagens with a direct action. A dose dependence was detected. The main mechanism of induction of gene mutations is frameshift. From nine dyes of the aniline series, three compounds showed a weak mutagenic effect: 3-nitro-aniline, anilin-3-sulpho-acid and 4-nitroaniline-2-sulpho-acid. The latter substance is an indirect mutagen. The other two are direct ones. The mechanism of induction of gene mutations is frameshift.

[The detection and assessment of the total mutagenic action of the aerosol portion of the chemical atmospheric contaminants from industrially developed cities of Ukraine]. / Vyiavlenie i otsenka summarnoi mutagennoi aktivnosti aérozol'noi chasti khimicheskikh zagriaznenii atmosfernogo vozdukha nekotorykh promyshlenno razvitykh gorodov Ukrainy.

The studies on assessment of total mutagenic activity of chemical pollutants of atmospheric air in some Ukrainian towns with the mainly developed metallurgical industry were carried out using the Ames test with metabolic activation. It was established that the air samples taken in five towns during 12 months had mutagenicity to certain extent, both with and without metabolic activation. The degree of mutagenic effects' pronouncement among the towns tested was distributed as follows: Mariupol' > Zaporozhye > Donetsk > Krivoi Rog > Makeyevka.

[Hygienic study of an activated fibrous charcoal material as a sorbing filtering element for drinking water afterpurification]. / Gigienicheskoe izuchenie aktivirovannogo uglerodnogo voloknistogo materiala v sostave sorbiruiushchego fil'truiushchego élementa dlia doochistki pit'evoi vody.

The results of complex toxicological and hygienic study showed that the quality of pipe water filtered through the activated carbonic fibrous material (ACFM) "Dnepr-F" forming a part of absorptive filtering element improved markedly. The content of organic substances decreased drastically as well as that of nitrates and iron. Microbiological indices did not suffer appreciable changes and were within permissible limits. The water filtered through the absorptive element with ACFM had no adverse influence on the organisms of warm-blooded animals. Proceeding from foregoing one can conclude that the "Dnepr-F" may be recommended as a part of absorptive filtering element for the final refinement of drinking water.

[Criteria of allowance for the mutagenic effectors in the Ames test]. / Kriterii ucheta mutagennykh éffektorov v teste Eimsa.

Mutagenic activity of water pollutants on test-strains Salmonella typhimurium was studied. Results obtained from these studies were evaluated by the Dunnet method of multiple comparisons and the obtained data were compared with the value of excess of the colonies number in the experiment over control. The purpose of this comparison is to determine a ration of excess in the number of revertant colonies in the experiment above a control, under which a portion of the statistically significant results will constitute 90 per cent and more. Statistically significant results occur in 100% of cases when the number of revertant colonies in the experiment variants is 2.2 times as high as in control ones for strains TA 1535 and TA 1538, 2.0 times--for strain TA 98 and 1.8 times--for strain TA 100.