RESUMO
Assuntos
Sistemas Automatizados de Assistência Junto ao Leito , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Tuberculose , Ultrassonografia , Humanos , Tuberculose/diagnóstico por imagem , Tuberculose/diagnósticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Asthma prevalence in Costa Rica is among the highest worldwide. We aimed to determine the prevalence of asthma among school-age children in the Central Highland Area of Costa Rica. METHODS: Cross-sectional study using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire was performed. Parents or guardians of children aged 6-13 years completed written questionnaires. RESULTS: Total of 2817 school-aged children returned these questionnaires (74.1% return rate). The prevalence of asthma, rhinitis, and eczema was 21.9%, 42.6%, and 19.2%, respectively. The co-existence of the 3 diseases was seen in 22.6% of children with asthma. Boys had a slightly higher prevalence of these conditions, and younger children had higher prevalence of asthma and eczema, but lower prevalence of rhinitis than older children. The use of acetaminophen and antibiotics in the first 12 months of life showed a significant association with the prevalence of asthma, rhinitis, and eczema. Wheezing with exercise, dry cough at night, and ever rhinitis was highly associated with asthma symptoms in the last 12 months. In contrast, no association was found between children exposed to smoking at home. Frequent traffic next to the house was reported more frequently by the parents of children with asthma, although no significant association was found. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of asthma showed a significant decrease compared to previous studies. However, there was an unexpected high prevalence of rhinitis. Exposure to acetaminophen and antibiotic during the first year of life was highly associated with asthma symptoms.
Assuntos
Asma/epidemiologia , Eczema/epidemiologia , Rinite Alérgica/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adolescente , Distribuição por Idade , Asma/diagnóstico , Asma/imunologia , Criança , Costa Rica , Estudos Transversais , Países em Desenvolvimento , Eczema/diagnóstico , Eczema/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , Prevalência , Prognóstico , Rinite Alérgica/diagnóstico , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Distribuição por SexoRESUMO
Eight therapists each examined 16 subjects (14 with documented ACL pathology, two normal subjects) in a single session. Instrumented anterior laxity measurements were performed bilaterally on all subjects prior to testing. Therapists assessed the degree of anterior tibial translation on a visual analogue scale, and indicated whether the nominated knee tested positive or negative using the Lachman test. Intertester reliability in assessing anterior translation was low. Correlation between the overall therapists' translation measurements and the arthrometer was moderate. Intertester reliability in indicating whether the nominated knee tested positive or negative was low. These findings suggest that greater expertise is necessary for therapists to reliably use the Lachman test as an assessment procedure in evaluation of the injured knee.