[Hyperprolactinemia in subclinical hypothyroidism]. / Hiperprolactinemia en el hipotiroidismo subclínico.

Most patients with subclinical hypothyroidism are asymptomatic; however, when this disorder is associated with alterations of the lactotroph, clinical and biochemical manifestations are evident, along with involvement of the gonadotrophic function. In this report, we selected 11 women with hypothyroidism, 5 of them in stage I and 6 in stage II. In all of them, the thyroid function was altered while the most affected was the gonadal axis. The available literature on this subject is scarce, so that we propose a systematic investigation in order to exclude other associated disorders.

Hiperprolactinemia en el hipotiroidismo subclínico. / [Hyperprolactinemia in subclinical hypothyroidism]

Most patients with subclinical hypothyroidism are asymptomatic; however, when this disorder is associated with alterations of the lactotroph, clinical and biochemical manifestations are evident, along with involvement of the gonadotrophic function. In this report, we selected 11 women with hypothyroidism, 5 of them in stage I and 6 in stage II. In all of them, the thyroid function was altered while the most affected was the gonadal axis. The available literature on this subject is scarce, so that we propose a systematic investigation in order to exclude other associated disorders.

[Diagnostic value of tumor markers in pleural effusions]. / Utilidad diagnóstica de los marcadores tumorales en exudados pleurales.

In order to discriminate between benign and malignant effusions, the value of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (GNCH Sub-beta) has been estimated in pleural exudates. A sample of 65 patients, 33 with a malignant (histologically and/or cytologically established) and 32 with a benign effusion was analysed. Only mean CEA in malignant effusions was significantly higher than in benign effusions (p less than 0.01). In the detection of malignant effusion CEA showed a sensitivity of 57% and a specificity of 97%; AFP a sensitivity of 9% and a specificity of 97% and GNCH Sub beta a sensitivity of 9% and a specificity of 90%.

Utilidad diagnóstica de los marcadores tumorales en exudados pleurales. / [Diagnostic value of tumor markers in pleural effusions]

In order to discriminate between benign and malignant effusions, the value of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (GNCH Sub-beta) has been estimated in pleural exudates. A sample of 65 patients, 33 with a malignant (histologically and/or cytologically established) and 32 with a benign effusion was analysed. Only mean CEA in malignant effusions was significantly higher than in benign effusions (p less than 0.01). In the detection of malignant effusion CEA showed a sensitivity of 57

and a specificity of 97

; AFP a sensitivity of 9

and a specificity of 97

and GNCH Sub beta a sensitivity of 9

and a specificity of 90

.

Utilidad diagnostica de los marcadores tumorales en exudados pleurales / Diagnostic value of tumor markers in pleural effusions

Se estudiaron 65 pacientes con derrame pleural cuyo análisis físico-químico demostró la presencia de exudado, con la finalidad de valorar la utilidad de la alfa-fetoproteina (AFP), el antígeno carcinoembrionario (CEA) y la gonadotrofina coriónica humana subundad beta (GNCH Sub-ß) como marcadores tumorales. A todos los pacientes se les realizó estudio citolófico, físico, químico, bacteriológico y dosaje de los marcadores mencionados en el líquido pleural, llegándose al diagnóstico de origen neoplásico del mismo en base a la citologia y/o biopsia pleural. Los pacientes fueron divididos en dos grupos: 1) 33 neoplásicos y 2) 32 no neoplásicos. El CEA fue el único marcador tumoral significativamente más elevado en los derrames pleurales neoplásicos que en los no neoplásicos (p < 0,01). en relación al valor de estos marcadores como métodos de detección del origen neoplásico de un exudado pleural, se halló que el CEA tuvo una sensibilidad del 57% y una especialidad del 97%, la AFP una sensibilidad del 9% y una especificidad del 97% y la GNCH Sub-ß una sensibilidad del 9% y una especificidad del 90% (AU)

Utilidad diagnostica de los marcadores tumorales en exudados pleurales / Diagnostic value of tumor markers in pleural effusions

Se estudiaron 65 pacientes con derrame pleural cuyo análisis físico-químico demostró la presencia de exudado, con la finalidad de valorar la utilidad de la alfa-fetoproteina (AFP), el antígeno carcinoembrionario (CEA) y la gonadotrofina coriónica humana subundad beta (GNCH Sub-ß) como marcadores tumorales. A todos los pacientes se les realizó estudio citolófico, físico, químico, bacteriológico y dosaje de los marcadores mencionados en el líquido pleural, llegándose al diagnóstico de origen neoplásico del mismo en base a la citologia y/o biopsia pleural. Los pacientes fueron divididos en dos grupos: 1) 33 neoplásicos y 2) 32 no neoplásicos. El CEA fue el único marcador tumoral significativamente más elevado en los derrames pleurales neoplásicos que en los no neoplásicos (p < 0,01). en relación al valor de estos marcadores como métodos de detección del origen neoplásico de un exudado pleural, se halló que el CEA tuvo una sensibilidad del 57% y una especialidad del 97%, la AFP una sensibilidad del 9% y una especificidad del 97% y la GNCH Sub-ß una sensibilidad del 9% y una especificidad del 90%

[Aphasia of deep localization]. / Afasias de localización profunda.

A neurolinguistic and cerebral computed tomography (CT) study was carried out in 60 patients with aphasia. Fourteen had predominant subcortical involvement. Six of these showed involvement of the basal ganglia (5 with thalamic involvement), with small mass effect and small volume (less than 5 ml). The type of aphasia in this group was not uniform; it was remarkable, however, that initially there was mutism or initially non fluid language which soon became fluid in one half of the patients. Repetition and partially or totally preserved comprehension, together with dysarthic, dysprosodic and hypophonic abnormalities, were very common. The latter even had a more prolonged course than aphasic abnormalities. All the lesions in the remaining 8 patients had greater volume and were paracapsular in topography; 5 patients behaved as global aphasia (with a mean calculated volume of 23.7 ml), and the remaining 3 showed fluid aphasia, with an intermediate size (15 ml).

Case report: hypoparathyroidism and iron storage disease. Treatment with 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3.

A patient in whom hypoparathyroidism developed as a complication of posttransfusional iron storage disease is described. The hypoparathyroidism occurred after more than 15 years of receiving blood transfusions at frequent intervals. In this patient with thalassemia major the serum PTH levels were undetectable. 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 corrected the hypocalcemia that was resistant to vitamin D2, probably due to the associated liver dysfunction. Other cases reported in the literature are reviewed. It is suggested that hypoparathyroidism occurs more frequently than usually suspected in patients with iron storage disease.