Child sexual abuse knowledge and attitudes of Syrian refugee parents and related factors.

BACKGROUND: Child sexual abuse is an important health problem that disrupts the physical and mental health of children. In order to protect children from abuse, the knowledge and attitude levels of their families need to be increased. PURPOSE: This study was to determine the knowledge and attitude levels of Syrian refugee parents regarding child sexual abuse who lived in Turkey. DESIGN AND METHODS: The study was carried out using a cross-sectional, descriptive, relationship-seeking design. A personal information form and the Child Sexual Abuse Knowledge/Attitude Scale for Parents (CSAKAS) were used. RESULTS: In the study, the mean age of the participants was 33.0 ± 8.2; 74.7% were women; 93.7%. It was also found that the mean scores of the participants regarding such sub-dimensions of CSAKAS as myths/facts, belief, information, attitudes, services and reporting information and preventive attitudes differed statistically significantly with respect to their education level, income level, family type, employment status and having a disabled child (p < 0,05). CONCLUSION: Based on the results, it could be stated that the parents who were university graduates, who had good levels of perceived income, who had a nuclear family, who were employed and who had disabled children had better levels of knowledge and attitude regarding child sexual abuse, and it could also be stated that the participants had moderate levels of knowledge and attitudes regarding child sexual abuse. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: This study shows that pediatric nurses can play an important role in protecting, developing and improving the physical and mental health of children by increasing the knowledge and attitude levels of families in order to prevent child sexual abuse.

The effect of relaxation exercises training on pregnancy-related anxiety after perinatal loss: A pilot randomized control trial✰.

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy-related anxiety is quite frequent during pregnancy after perinatal loss, and it is likely to cause negative effects on the mother and the foetus. amongst independent nursing practices, progressive muscle relaxation exercises are considered to be one of alternative treatment methods to relax pregnant women physically and psychologically. PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to examine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation exercises on the pregnancy-related anxiety levels of pregnant women who have experienced a perinatal loss. METHODS: One hundred and four pregnant women who had experienced a perinatal loss were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 31) or a control group (n = 33) and participated in a 12-week trial. The intervention group received training on progressive muscle relaxation exercises, while the control group was provided only with routine healthcare services. The Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire-R2 was used to evaluate the level of pregnancy-related anxiety. RESULTS: The intervention group showed improvement in comparison to the control group at the end of the intervention. After the intervention, the measured levels of "pregnancy related anxiety", "fear of giving birth", and "worries about bearing a handicapped child" significantly decreased in the intervention group compared to the pre-intervention levels and the control group, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (p<0.001, p<0.001, and p<0.001, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in the levels of concern about own appearance between the groups after the intervention (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: According to the results of the study, progressive muscle relaxation led to a decrease in the pregnancy-related anxiety levels of the pregnant women who had experienced a perinatal loss.

Turkish adaptation of Desire to Avoid Pregnancy Scale: A validity and reliability study.

AIM: The purpose of the study was to adapt the Desire to Avoid Pregnancy Scale into Turkish and to study its validity and reliability. METHODS: The methodological study design was used. The study sample consisted of 510 nonpregnant women in a university hospital of a province in the east of Turkey between the dates of August 2019-February 2020. Personal information form and Turkish form of the scale were administered to women. The contraceptive intention scale was used as a parallel form. RESULTS: In the study, it was determined that the scale consisted of 14 items as a result of exploratory factor analysis. As a result of the item analysis, it was determined that the scale item total correlations were between r = 0.71 and 0.92. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.97. The item-total correlation of the scale and parallel form reliability showed a high level of agreement. CONCLUSION: It was determined that the Desire to Avoid Pregnancy Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool for determining the wishes of Turkish women regarding pregnancy.

The relationship between the sexual care attitudes, beliefs and self-efficacy of nursing students and gender roles: A cross-sectional study.

PURPOSE: The aim of the research is to determine the relationship between the gender role approaches and the sexual care attitudes, beliefs, and self-efficacy of nursing students. DESIGN AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 109 nursing students. FINDINGS: A negative correlation was found between the Gender Roles Attitude Scale and the Sexual Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between the Gender Roles Attitude Scale and the self-efficacy in clinical performance scale total score and its assessment, diagnosis, planning, and implementation subscales (p < 0.05). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: This study is considered to be useful to specify the education and awareness strategies that will contribute to better preparation of the nursing students for sexual health services.

Body dissatisfaction of women during postpartum period and copin strategies.

This descriptive, cross-sectional study examined body dissatisfaction and coping strategies of postpartum women. Women (n = 256) registered at a family health center in Turkey responded to a Participant Information Form and the Body Cathexis Scale between September 1 and December 31, 2020. The data were evaluated using the analyses of percentage, number, mean, standard deviation, Kruskal Wallis test, Mann Whitney U, Pearson correlation analysis, and Bonferroni tests. Women's dissatisfaction related to body image perception were associated with loss of physical strength, weight gain, hair loss, insomnia, change of breast shape, waist/back pain, facial spots, shape change in genitals, decrease in sexual activity and sexual desire, cellulite in the legs, and constipation. Regarding coping strategies, 8.4% women rested during the day to cope with the decrease in physical strength/fatigue they experienced, 44.5% followed a diet to cope with weight gain, 14% used shampoos and creams to cope with hair loss, 25.2% rested during the day to cope with insomnia, 36.8% wore a compression bra for their breasts, 12.4% exercised for waist/back pain. Findings indicate that postpartum women's average Body Cathexis Scale total score was low and that they experienced several issues regarding body image perception during this period.

Relationship between the religious attitudes of women with gynecologic cancer and mental adjustment to cancer.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between religious attitudes of Muslim women with gynecologic cancer and mental adjustment to cancer. METHODS: Designed as a descriptive relational study, this study was conducted with 123 patients with gynecologic cancer. A personal information form, prepared in accordance with the literature, the Religious Attitude Scale (RAS), and the Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale (MACS) were used as data collection tools. The data were assessed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation analysis, and linear regression analysis. RESULTS: A positive correlation was determined between the RAS score and the fighting spirit subscale of the MACS (r = 0.65, p < 0.001). A negative correlation was found between the helplessness/hopelessness and anxious preoccupation subscales of the MACS and the RAS score (r = -0.40, p < 0.001; r = -0.30, p < 0.001, respectively). SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: The present results are helpful in understanding the influence of religious attitudes on the mental adjustment to gynecologic cancer patients. The results can serve as a reference for nursing education and clinical healthcare practice. Palliative healthcare providers can participate in improved care by recognizing spiritual needs and by advocating for attention to spiritual needs as a routine part of cancer care.

The effects of clinical education program based on Watson's theory of human caring on coping and anxiety levels of nursing students: A randomized control trial.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the clinical education program based on Watson's human caring theory on coping and anxiety levels of nursing students. DESIGN AND METHODS: The research sample consisted of the intervention (n = 53) and the control (n = 53) group. FINDINGS: A statistically significant difference was determined in anxiety mean scores (P < .001) and the self-confident approach, the social-support seeking approach, the unconfident approach, and the submissive approach subscales of coping with stress in students of the intervention group compared to the control group (P < .05). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: It is recommended that the clinical education program based on Watson's caring theory is used during the clinical education of nursing students.

The Turkish version of the Nursing Students' Perceptions of Instructor Caring Scale: An assessment of psychometric properties.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Nursing Students' Perceptions of Instructor Caring (NSPIC-Tr) Scale. DESIGN AND METHODS: Methodological study. The sample of this study consisted of 344 nursing students. FINDINGS: Its four-factor structure was confirmed with explanatory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results. The results of CFA showed that the scale's fit index supported the EFA. The scale's Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient had high reliability. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: NSPIC-Tr is a valid and reliable scale for the assessment of Turkish nursing students' perceptions of instructor caring.

Association of Postpartum Smoking Relapse With Breastfeeding and Body Mass Index.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the relationship between smoking relapse and breastfeeding and body mass index in the postpartum period. METHODS: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2016 and November 2017 in the polyclinic for children's health and common illnesses at a university hospital in eastern Turkey. One hundred eleven women who met the inclusion criteria constituted the sample of the study. The data were evaluated using the analyses of percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, independent-samples t test, analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression. RESULTS: In the study, the week of pregnancy period when the women quit smoking was 8.19 ± 5.17, and the week of postpartum smoking relapse was 8.47 ± 11.76. Furthermore, 72.1% of the women stated that they wanted to quit smoking permanently. The study determined that the status of wanting to quit smoking permanently, the status of smoking while breastfeeding, and gained weight during the last gestation are important predictors of postpartum smoking relapse. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: Knowledge on the characteristics of the women who started smoking again in the postpartum period is important for helping women who have quitted smoking in pregnancy but who are prone to relapse as a risk group by health care personnel.

Are levels of coping with stress in pregnancy with gestational diabetes worse than in healthy pregnancy?

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the levels of coping with stress in healthy pregnant women in comparison with the levels of coping with stress in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Materials and methods: In the study, the descriptive cross-sectional research design was used. The study was carried out with 218 pregnant women in total. Results: It was found that the healthy pregnant women had a higher total score for coping with stress and used the self-confident coping style, one of the effective coping styles, more frequently when compared to the pregnant women with GDM (p < .001). In addition, the pregnant women with GDM used the desperate coping style, one of the ineffective coping styles, more frequently than the healthy pregnant women (p < .001). Conclusions: Diabetes education that nurses give should allow not only the nurses to evaluate the coping levels of pregnant women with GDM, but also to teach these pregnant women how to use effective coping styles.

Coping with Stress among Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction: The stress of pregnancy itself, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) that develops during pregnancy is also a stressor, because it can cause serious maternal and fetal health problems. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between the characteristics of pregnant women with GDM and their styles of coping with stress. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 126 pregnant women with GDM. The sample consisted of patients who applied to the diabetes mellitus training polyclinic of a training and research and university hospital in southeastern Turkey, Data were evaluated using descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality tests, Spearman's rho and Pearson Correlation analysis, the Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis- test by SPSS software (version 13.0). Results: It was determined that a planned pregnancy, a high educational level, a first pregnancy and weight gain were important factors in the women with GDM in the study who coped effectively with stress during pregnancy. Unemployment and a second or subsequent pregnancy were important factors in the women with GDM< who coped ineffectively with stress during pregnancy. In addition, it was determined that the hemoglobin HbA1c levels of the pregnant women with GDM with "optimistic" and "submissive" approaches towards coping with stress were lower. Conclusion: It was determined that pregnant women with optimistic and submissive approaches towards coping with stress had lower HbA1c levels. It is suggested that randomized controlled studies be conducted to further determine the coping styles of patients with GDM.

Turkish adaptation of the pregnancy-related anxiety questionnaire-revised 2: Validity and reliability study in multiparous and primiparous pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to create a Turkish version of the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire-Revised 2 (PRAQR2), which was revised for application to multiparous and primiparous pregnancy, and to explore its psychometric characteristics in multiparous and primiparous pregnancy. DESIGN: This study was methodologically designed to assess the reliability and validity of the PRAQ-R2. SETTING: The study was carried out in the obstetrics clinic of a training and research hospital in Malatya. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 616 healthy pregnant women (399 multiparous and 217 primiparous) constituted the sample of the study. METHODS: The cultural adaptation process of the questionnaire was conducted in three phases: language validity, content validity, and pilot application. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to test the construct validity of the questionnaire. The reliability of the PRAQ-R2 was evaluated with Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient, item-total correlation, test-retest analysis, and parallel forms reliability. FINDINGS: The EFA revealed that the PRAQ-R2 consists of 10 items for the multiparous group and 11 for the primiparous group after adding the item ``I am anxious about the delivery because I have never experienced one before.'' The CFA for both groups supported the three-factor questionnaire yielded by the EFA. Good fit index values were obtained in both groups. Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient ranged from 0.81 to 0.93 for the multiparous group and 0.87 to 0.94 for the primiparous group for the complete PRAQ-R2 and each of its subdimensions. In addition, the item-total correlation, test-retest analysis, and parallel forms reliability of the questionnaire were highly correlated. CONCLUSION: The PRAQ-R2 is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used to evaluate the level of anxiety in Turkish pregnant women irrespective of parity. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The use of the PRAQ-R2 in prenatal healthcare services will contribute to the early diagnosis, treatment, and management of pregnancy-related anxiety.

The effect of sleep hygiene education and relaxation exercises on insomnia among postmenopausal women: A randomized clinical trial.

AIM: This study used a randomized controlled trial model to determine the effect of progressive relaxation exercises and sleep hygiene training given to postmenopausal women with insomnia. METHODS: A total of 161 postmenopausal women with insomnia were recruited and randomly assigned to experimental (n = 81) and control (n = 80) groups. The experimental group received sleep hygiene and progressive relaxation exercise training, but the control group only received routine health care. The relaxation exercise training was repeated once a week for 8 weeks. The study determined the effect of the intervention on insomnia symptoms. The data were collected between 15 June and 15 September 2015 and evaluated using descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, chi-squared test, and Cronbach alpha analysis. RESULTS: The mean (SD) score of the experimental group on the Women's Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale was 14.03 (3.4) pretest and 7.09 (3.4) posttest. The difference between the pretest and posttest scores was statistically significant (P < .001), as was the difference between the rates of insomnia symptoms between the groups posttest (P < .001). CONCLUSION: The findings of study suggest that nurses teaching progressive relaxation exercises and sleep hygiene would benefit postmenopausal women who suffer from insomnia.

The relationship between the social support level perceived by patients with gynecologic cancer and mental adjustment to cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between the level of the social support perceived by patients with gynecologic cancer and their mental adjustment to cancer. METHODS: The present descriptive study enrolled women with gynecologic cancer receiving care in the Diyarbakir province of Turkey between November 2013 and October 2014. Data were obtained via the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support questionnaire and the scale of Mental Adjustment to Cancer. RESULTS: Among 190 women with gynecologic cancer, all subscales of perceived social support had a positive correlation with the subscale fighting spirit (r=0.34-0.56; P<0.001 for all), and a negative correlation with the subscales of helplessness/hopelessness (r=-0.25 to -0.48; P<0.001 for all) and fatalism (r=-0.20 to -0.30; P<0.01 for all) in the Mental Adjustment to Cancer scale. CONCLUSION: Among patients with gynecologic cancer, the response styles to cancer were considerably affected by the perceived level of social support. Raising the awareness of society and healthcare professionals will increase the level and quality of social support provided for patients with gynecologic cancer.