RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the occurrence of new-onset bronchospasm or the recrudescence of asthma is associated with the use of cocaine. METHODS: A consecutive sample of patients presenting to an inner-city adult ED with new-onset bronchospasm or recrudescence of bronchospasm after > 5 years were prospectively enrolled in a case-control prevalence study. The bronchospasm patients were queried as to their exposure to illicit drugs, and urine was obtained to screen for cocaine and its metabolite, benzoylecgonine. An age- and sex-matched control group was composed of randomly chosen subjects without respiratory complaints or a history of asthma. The control group was also screened by urine toxicology for cocaine and its metabolite, benzoylecgonine. RESULTS: In the asthma group, 21/59 (36%) had a urine toxicologic screen positive for cocaine metabolite (benzoylecgonine). Of the 21 with a positive screen for cocaine, 8 denied illicit drug abuse. Among the 13 patients reporting drug use, 10 said that they smoked crack and 3 snorted cocaine. In the control group, 8/53 (15%) were positive. Multivariate logistic regression analysis, with adjustment for age and sex, indicated that the use of cocaine was associated with a 3-fold higher prevalence of new-onset bronchospasm or recrudescence of asthma (OR = 3.28, 95% CI: 1.26 to 8.50). CONCLUSIONS: There appears to be an association between cocaine use and new-onset bronchospasm or recrudescence of asthma in this inner-city ED population. Further study is necessary to determine the basis for this association.
Assuntos
Asma/etiologia , Espasmo Brônquico/etiologia , Cocaína , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/complicações , Saúde da População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Asma/epidemiologia , Asma/urina , Espasmo Brônquico/epidemiologia , Espasmo Brônquico/urina , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Cocaína/urina , Comorbidade , Intervalos de Confiança , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cidade de Nova Iorque/epidemiologia , Razão de Chances , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Recidiva , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/urinaRESUMO
A 12-month-old boy with Kostmann's syndrome was admitted with cavitary pulmonary disease. He had also had bacterial conjunctivitis, periorbital cellulitis, pneumonitis, and otitis media since the age of 10 days. His umbilical cord had not fallen off until he was 3 weeks old. Neutropenia was diagnosed at 4 weeks of age. Antineutrophil antibody studies were negative. A bone marrow aspirate showed granulocytic hypoplasia and a maturation arrest at the promyelocyte stage. Hematopoietic cell culture showed normal numbers of colony-forming units-granulocyte macrophage. Serum granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor level, was 0.24 ng/mL (normal, greater than 0.05 ng/mL). Serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor levels, measured by enzyme immunoassay, were undetectable. The patient was successfully treated with filgrastim (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor), with an increase in the absolute neutrophil count to 10.0 x 10(9)/L. Thus, our case of Kostmann's syndrome appears to represent a defect in regulation or production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
