[Significance of ultrasound examination and computed tomography in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer]. / Znachenie ul'trazvukovogo issledovaniia i komp'iuternoi tomografii v diagnostike raka podzheludochnoi zhelezy.

The diagnostic sensitivity of USI for localization of a tumor of the pancreatic head was 89.3%, specificity--69.7%, exactness--84.4%. When the tumor was localized in the body-tail these indices were 85.7%, 73.4% and 78.7% respectively. The sensitivity of CT in cases when the localization of the tumor was in the head of the pancreas was 84.9%, specificity--72.2%, exactness--76.5%. When the tumors were localized in the body-tail these indices were 89.5%, 75.4% and 80.9% respectively. An associated analysis of information of the ultrasound and CT concerning the structure of the pancreas made the exactness of the diagnosis of malignization as high as 87.6%, specificity as high as 81.3%, sensitivity as high as 93.7%. The informative value of USI and CT depended on the tumor size, the presence of an inflammatory reaction of the pancreas, the character of a complication, if any, or of their combinations, localization and size of the pathological focus. In the investigation no alterations in the pancreas characteristic only of cancer were found. Thus, a comparison of diagnostic potentials of USI and CT has shown that one method does not exclude, but only supplements the other. CT gives more reliable results in the assessment of the process spread to the surrounding tissues and regional lymph nodes, especially when the tumor is localized in the area of the pancreas tail. USI helps to make more exact assessment of the involvement in the process of the common bile duct, pancreatic duct, and of the visceral vessels by the Doppler examination.

[Ultrasound scanning and invasive methods of examination of the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery in the diagnosis and evaluation of results of the surgical treatment of their stenotic lesions]. / Ul'trazvukovoe skanirovanie i invazivnye metody issledovaniia chrevnogo stvola i verkhnei bryzheechnoi arterii v diagnostike i otsenke rezul'tatov operativnogo lecheniia pri ikh stenoticheskom porazhenii.

The ultrasound duplex scanning with colored pictures of blood flow in the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery with occlusive lesion of them by atherosclerosis or compression by the diaphragm is a highly sensitive and sufficiently accurate research method. It allows to detect disturbances in patency of these vessels, the state of blood flow in them and to assess the results of operative treatment. A comparison of the data of preoperative ultrasound duplex scanning and aortic-arteriography has shown coincidence of the localization and, in most cases, the degree of stenosis of the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery. The results of direct electromanometry proved to be similar to those of dopplerography in 88% of cases before the operation and in all the cases after decompression of the celiac trunk.

[Diastolic function of the right ventricle in patients with lung diseases as evidenced by Doppler echocardiography]. / Diastolicheskaia funktsiia pravogo zheludochka serdtsa u pul'monologicheskikh bol'nykh po dannym impul'snoi ekhodoppler-kardiografii.

The study was undertaken to examine the most informative Doppler echocardiographic parameters to determine right ventricular diastolic function in 46 pulmonological patients with pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure and 11 healthy individuals. The patients exhibited the highest blood velocity in the rapid filling phase, as compared to the healthy persons. They also demonstrated increased maximum blood velocities in the rapid filling phase on atrial systole and prolonged late blood flow in the rapid filling phase. Thus, Doppler echocardiography may be useful in the non-invasive diagnosis of right ventricular diastolic dysfunctions.

[Topical diagnostic methods in primary hyperparathyroidism]. / Metody topicheskoi diagnostiki pri pervichnom giperparatireoze.

The efficiency of USI of the neck, scintigraphy of the parathyroid glands (PTG) with selen-methionine and selective catheterization of veins (SCV) of the neck and mediastinum for preoperative determination of the localization of the source of hyperproduction of the parathyroid hormone was analyzed on the basis of results of examination of 149 patients including 51 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism confirmed during the operation. It was noted that none of the methods of topical diagnostics used in the work is thought to be universal for different clinical situations. A method of their complex use is proposed which foresee USI of the neck as the first step. In case of insufficient information of the results of USI the authors propose SCV of the neck and mediastinum as a method of choice which allows the size and level of the altered PTG to become more exact and which makes further search with the help of other methods of topical diagnostics more purposeful and effective.

[Characteristics of Doppler echocardiographic examination of the right heart in patients with lung diseases]. / Osobennosti ékhodopplerkardiograficheskogo issledvaniia pravykh otdelov serdtsa u pu'lmonologicheskikh bo'lnykh.

The methodological++ features of echocardiographic study in patients with lung diseases are discussed. Doppler echocardiography provides information on the dimensions of the right heart, thickness of the myocardium and the level of pressure in the pulmonary trunk. Ultrasonography of the heart in these patients should be conducted mainly from the apical and subcostal approaches and parameters determined as mean ones for the respiratory cycle.

[Dynamics of venous blood return in normal conditions and in patients with obstructive lung disease]. / Dinamika venoznogo vozvrata krovi v norme i u bol'nykh s obstruktivnymi zabolevaniiami legkikh.

The venous blood flow in the jugular, cubital, and inferior cava veins was studied in 7 healthy individuals and in 22 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis by means of bichamber Doppler ultrasonography and direct measurement of venous pressure. The diameter of the veins, blood flow rate, and venous pressure were found to be greatly determined by the intrathoracic pressure variations during the respiration cycle. It is suggested that distention of the peripheral veins, which is the commonly accepted sign of right-ventricular insufficiency, in patients with drastic bronchial obstruction is a consequence of disturbed mechanics of respiration, namely, increase of intrathoracic pressure during expiration, which impairs the return of venous blood to the right parts of the heart.

[Effect of various types of sports on the anatomy of the common carotid artery and the internal jugular vein]. / Vliianie nekotorykh vidov sporta na anatomiiu obshchei sonnoi arterii i vnutrennei iaremnoi veny.

By means of ultrasonography the common carotid artery and the internal jugular vein at certain sports have been investigated. In swimmers the internal jugular vein is essentially dilated as compared to the common carotid artery. In high jumpers there is not any noticeable differences between the width of the artery and the vein. These data should be taken into account at training sportsmen. They are also important for development of investigations in the ultrasound anatomy.

[Diagnostic significance of various symptoms of right-ventricular insufficiency in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis]. / O diagnosticheskoi znachimosti nekotorykh simptomov pravozheludochkovoi nedostatochnosti u bol'nykh khronicheskim obstruktivnym bronkhitom.

The paper is concerned with the results of echocardiography, Doppler cardiography, radionuclide investigation and direct pressure measurement in the peripheral vein in 22 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis and 7 persons with normal bronchial permeability. It was shown that the diameter of the peripheral veins, the pressure and rate of the blood flow in them and liver enlargement in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis depended, to a large extent, on respiratory fluctuations of intrathoracic pressure. A conclusion was made that peripheral vein swelling and liver enlargement which were considered to be common symptoms of the development of right ventricular insufficiency, resulted from an increase in intrathoracic pressure during exhalation making difficult blood venous return to the heart in patients with dramatic disorders of bronchial permeability.

[Study of the anatomy of the living human heart using echocardiography]. / Izuchenie anatomii serdtsa zhivogo cheloveka s pomoshch'iu ékhokardiografii.

For studying anatomy of the alive human heart, a new method of ultrasonic echography has been used. With its assistance it is possible to see all the cardiac chambers, interventricular and interatrial septa, tricuspidal and mitral valves, their chordae, papillary muscles, myocardium and pericardium. Not only their statics, but also their dynamics are investigated, when the heart contracts and its valves make movements. Owing to this, possibilities for studying cardiac anatomy in the alive people.