Electrophysiological Evidence of Atypical Spatial Attention in Those with a High Level of Self-reported Autistic Traits.

Selective attention is atypical in individuals with autism spectrum conditions. Evidence suggests this is also the case for those with high levels of autistic traits. Here we investigated the neural basis of spatial attention in those with high and low levels of self-reported autistic traits via analysis of ERP deflections associated with covert attention, target selection and distractor suppression (the N2pc, NT and PD). Larger N2pc and smaller PD amplitude was observed in those with high levels of autistic traits. These data provide neural evidence for differences in spatial attention, specifically, reduced distractor suppression in those with high levels of autistic traits, and may provide insight into the experience of perceptual overload often reported by individuals on the autism spectrum.

Visual search performance is predicted by the degree to which selective attention to features modulates the ERP between 350 and 600ms.

Efficient visual search necessitates perception of items in the visual array, rapid classification of items as either targets or distractors, and the selection of target items. Individuals vary in the speed with which they perform these operations and can detect targets within cluttered arrays, as shown in visual search tasks. Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) show particular strengths in visual search. The aim of the current study was to develop an understanding the origin of individual variability in visual search by delineating the processes involved in feature-based target detection, and establishing which, if any, of these processes predict search efficiency. EEG was recorded while participants performed a feature-based selective attention task from which the following EEG variables were computed: P1 amplitude; P1 latency; selection negativity; induced γ-band power and P3b amplitude. These variables are considered to reflect stimulus encoding, feedback amplification of attended features, cognitive utilization and resource allocation during event classification respectively. Participants also completed a separate visual search task. Regression analyses revealed that only the ERP component associated with resource allocation during event classification (P3b) significantly predicted search efficiency. These data suggest that individual variability in visual search is related to a reduction in modulation of attention allocation to visual features. Implications for the understanding of superior visual search in individuals with ASD are discussed.