Encaixando possibilidades: uma proposta pedagógica para o malabarismo com caixas / Fitting possibilities: a pedagogical proposal for juggling boxes / Encajando posibilidades: una propuesta pedagógica para hacer malabares con cajas

Recentemente, educadores físicos e artistas atuantes na escola vêm direcionando atenção para o potencial pedagógico do circo e evidenciando a aproximação entre educação corporal e a arte. Diante da amplitude das práticas circenses, contamos com as modalidades de malabarismo com distintos aparelhos, destacandose claves, bolas e aros. Fundamentadas na manipulação de objetos, essas práticas requerem atenção dos professores, visando o oferecimento de um ensino envolvente, seguro e expressivo. Assim, o presente artigo discute elementos básicos para o ensino do malabarismo com caixas, procurando fomentar essa prática entre os profissionais que se aventuram no ensino da arte circense e que buscam uma educação artístico-estética. Partindo de referenciais teóricos, artísticos e de nossa práxis com pedagogia circense e malabarismo com caixas, acreditamos que essa modalidade possa compor o repertório de profissionais da Educação Física e das Artes e almejamos com essa contribuição que o malabarismo com caixas se torne mais disseminado e acessível.

Recently, physical educators and artists working at the school have been directing attention to the pedagogical potential of circus and showing a approach between body education and art. In view of the vast repertoire of circus practices, we have the juggling's modalities with different implements, highlighting clubs, balls, hoops. Based on the manipulation, these practices require attention from teachers who are aiming to offer a playful, engaging, safe and expressive teaching. Thus, this article discusses basic elements for teaching cigar box manipulation, seeking to encourage this practice among professionals working in the teaching of circus art and who seek an artistic-aesthetic education. Based on theoretical, artistic and practical references, also in our circus pedagogical praxis and cigar boxes manipulation. We believe that this modality can compose the repertoire for Physical Education and the Arts professionals and we aim that the cigar box manipulation becomes more widespread and accessible.

Recientemente, los educadores físicos y artistas que trabajan en la escuela están dirigiendo la atención sobre la pedagogia del circo y la aproximación entre la educación corporal y el arte. Dada la amplitud de estas prácticas, contamos con modalidades de malabares con diferentes aparatos como mazas, pelotas y aros. Basadas en la manipulación, estas prácticas requieren la atención de los docentes que buscan una enseñanza lúdica, participativa, segura y expresiva. Así, este artículo discute elementos para la enseñanza de los malabares con cajas, buscando promover esta práctica entre los profesionales que incursionan en la enseñanza del arte circense y que buscan una formación artístico-estética. Partiendo de referentes teóricos, artísticos y de nuestra praxis con la enseñanza y los malabares con cajas, creemos que esta modalidad puede componer el repertorio de los profesionales de la Educación Física y Artes y pretendemos que los malabares con cajas sean más difundidos y accesibles.

Action of Metarhizium brunneum (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) Against Organophosphate- and Pyrethroid-Resistant Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and the Synergistic Effects of Phenylthiourea.

Dengue, yellow fever, Zika, and chikungunya arboviruses are endemic in tropical countries and are transmitted by Aedes aegypti. Resistant populations of this mosquito against chemical insecticides are spreading worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the biological effects of exposure of pesticide-sensitive Ae. aegypti larvae (Rockefeller) to conidia of the entomopathogen, Metarhizium brunneum, laboratory strains ARSEF 4556 and V275, and any synergistic activity of phenylthiourea (PTU). In addition, to investigate the nature of any cross-resistance mechanisms, these M. brunneum strains were tested against the Rockefeller larvae and two temephos- and deltamethrin-resistant wild mosquito populations from Rio de Janeiro. Treatment of Rockefeller larvae with 106 conidia/ml of ARSEF 4556 and V275 fungal strains resulted in significant decreased survival rates to 40 and 53.33%, respectively (P < 0.0001), compared with untreated controls. In contrast, exposure to 104 or 105 conidia/ml showed no such significant survival differences. However, the addition of PTU to the conidia in the bioassays significantly increased mortalities in all groups and induced a molt block. Experiments also showed no differences in Ae. aegypti mortalities between the fungal treated, wild pesticide-resistant populations and the Rockefeller sensitive strain. The results show the efficacy of M. brunneum in controlling Ae. aegypti larvae and the synergistic role of PTU in this process. Importantly, there was no indication of any cross-resistance mechanisms between Ae. aegypti sensitive or resistant to pesticides following treatment with the fungi. These results further support using M. brunneum as an alternative biological control agent against mosquito populations resistant to chemical insecticides.

Isolation of a larvicidal compound from Piper solmsianum C.DC. (Piperaceae).

The Aedes aegypti mosquito is one of the major vectors of arboviruses. These diseases have re-emerged and the insecticides used nowadays are toxic to mammals and environment and have only been effective in the short-term. In this context, natural products are an alternative. The genus Piper has many active compounds against arthropods, including neolignans. The present study evaluated the larvicidal potential of the n-hexanic extract of Piper solmsianum and eupomatenoid-6, identified by GC-MS and NMR techniques, from this extract against Ae. aegypti. The crude extract (100 µg/mL) killed 80% and 98.3% of larvae in the first and third day, respectively. Eupomatenoid-6 exhibited LD50 of 19.33 µM and LD90 of 28.68 µM and was then assayed in human fibroblast cells (MRC5), showing an IC50 of 39.30 µM with estimated LD50 of 42.26 mmol/kg. Our results indicate eupomatenoid-6 as a potent insecticide with relatively low toxicity for mammals.

Laboratory evaluation of Clusia fluminensis extracts and their isolated compounds against Dysdercus peruvianus and Oncopeltus fasciatus

ABSTRACT The effects of the hexanic extracts of the fruits and flowers of Clusia fluminensis Planch. & Triana, Clusiaceae, as well as their main constituents, the triterpene lanosterol and the benzophenone clusianone, were evaluated on hemipterans Dysdercus peruvianus and Oncopeltus fasciatus. The topical treatments of insects with the hexanic extracts significantly affected the survival of O. fasciatus, but not that of D. peruvianus. Concomitantly, extracts delayed the development of both hemipterans. Moreover, isolated lanosterol significantly reduced both the survival and development of O. fasciatus and D. peruvianus, while clusianone only reduce the survival of D. peruvianus and marginally inhibited the development of both insects. The results show the specific activity of lanosterol and clusianone against the two evaluated insect species and indicate the potential of compounds derived from C. fluminensis for the development of specific biopesticides for the control of agricultural pests. Subsequent work will examine the mode of action of lanosterol and clusianone isolates from C. fluminensis.

Biocontrol evaluation of extracts and a major component, clusianone, from Clusia fluminensisPlanch. & Triana againstAedes aegypti

Studies evaluated the effects of hexanic extracts from the fruits and flowers ofClusia fluminensis and the main component of the flower extract, a purified benzophenone (clusianone), against Aedes aegypti. The treatment of larvae with the crude fruit or flower extracts from C. fluminensis did not affect the survival ofAe. aegypti (50 mg/L), however, the flower extracts significantly delayed development of Ae. aegypti. In contrast, the clusianone (50 mg/L) isolate from the flower extract, representing 54.85% of this sample composition, showed a highly significant inhibition of survival, killing 93.3% of the larvae and completely blocking development of Ae. aegypti. The results showed, for the first time, high activity of clusianone against Ae. aegypti that both killed and inhibited mosquito development. Therefore, clusianone has potential for development as a biopesticide for controlling insect vectors of tropical diseases. Future work will elucidate the mode of action of clusianone isolated from C. fluminensis.

Biocontrol evaluation of extracts and a major component, clusianone, from Clusia fluminensis Planch. & Triana against Aedes aegypti.

Studies evaluated the effects of hexanic extracts from the fruits and flowers of Clusia fluminensis and the main component of the flower extract, a purified benzophenone (clusianone), against Aedes aegypti. The treatment of larvae with the crude fruit or flower extracts from C. fluminensis did not affect the survival ofAe. aegypti (50 mg/L), however, the flower extracts significantly delayed development of Ae. aegypti. In contrast, the clusianone (50 mg/L) isolate from the flower extract, representing 54.85% of this sample composition, showed a highly significant inhibition of survival, killing 93.3% of the larvae and completely blocking development of Ae. aegypti. The results showed, for the first time, high activity of clusianone against Ae. aegypti that both killed and inhibited mosquito development. Therefore, clusianone has potential for development as a biopesticide for controlling insect vectors of tropical diseases. Future work will elucidate the mode of action of clusianone isolated from C. fluminensis.

Educação Física e atividades circenses: o estado da arte / Physical Education and circus activities: state of the art

A Educação Física tem experimentado um exponencial crescimento no trato das atividades circenses como conteúdo programático, com consequente incremento da produção acadêmica. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o "estado da arte" no que tange às atividades circenses e à educação física por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica da produção acadêmico-científica nacional e internacional. Os resultados indicam que grande parte dos 95 documentos analisados se apresenta em forma de "manuais didáticos" e "relatos de experiência", com ênfase nos procedimentos técnico-pedagógicos. De modo geral, observamos escassas discussões conceituais e poucos estudos que avançam para além do senso comum e do romantismo pedagógico.

Physical Education has been showing an exponential growth in the application of circus activities as programmatic content, and a consequently increase of academic production. The objective of this study was to identify the "state of the art" when it comes to the circus activities and physical education through a literature review of academic-scientific production, nationally and internationally. Results indicate that much of the literature is presented as experience reports and manuals, highlighting the technical and pedagogical procedures. In general we found limited conceptual discussions, and very few studies that propose advances beyond the common sense and pedagogical romanticism.

La Educación Física presenta un exponencial crecimiento en el trato de las actividades circenses como contenido programático, con un consecuente crecimiento de la producción académica. El objetivo de la presente investigación, fue conocer el "estado del arte" respecto a las actividades circenses y educación física por medio de una revisión bibliográfica de la producción académico-científica, nacional e internacional. Los resultados indican que gran parte de los 97 textos analizados se presenta como "manuales didácticos" y "relatos de experiencia", con énfasis en los procedimientos técnicopedagógicos. De modo general, observamos escasos debates conceptuales, y pocos estudios que propongan avances más allá del sentido común y del romanticismo pedagógico.

Island technique for prominent ears: an update of the Ivo Pitanguy clinic experience.

BACKGROUND: Prominent ears are a relatively common and instantly-recognizable condition. Numerous studies have reported psychological distress, emotional trauma, and behavioral problems associated with this deformity in childhood. The multitude of approaches clearly indicates the lack of a definitive technique to correct this issue in all patients. OBJECTIVES: The authors describe the "island technique," originated by the senior author (IP), which involves dissecting a cartilaginous island to reconstruct the antihelix and the triangular fossa and correct the conchascaphal angle. METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the charts of all patients (n = 111) who underwent otoplasty with the island technique at the senior author's private clinic between July 1990 and July 2008. Patients who underwent treatment with a modified island technique or any other approach were excluded. Charts were examined for patient history and demographics, etiology, concurrent procedures, and complications. RESULTS: Eighty patients were female (72%); 31 were male (28%). The average age was 28.2 years (range, five to 65). The most common etiology was a combination of overdeveloped concha and an underdeveloped antihelical fold (n = 76, 69%). Other facial aesthetic procedures were simultaneously performed in 54 patients (49%). Early complications occurred in two patients (1.8%), including hematoma and wound dehiscence. Late complications were observed in 12 patients (10.8%). All complications were addressed without consequence to the surgical outcome. No recurrence was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The island technique is an effective, simple, and reliable surgical option to correct prominent ears. Its greatest advantages are the absence of recurrence and the minimal incidence of complications.