Motivación, inteligencia emocional y carga de entrenamiento en función del género y categoría en baloncesto en edades escolares / Motivação, emoções e carga de treinamento de acordo com gênero e categoria no basquete em idade escolar / Motivation, emotions and training load according to gender and category in basketball at school ages

El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la relación de variables motivacionales, emocionalesy la carga de entrenamiento en baloncesto teniendo en cuenta el género y la categoría de formación. Participaron 61 jóvenes entre los 13 y 16 años de edad (M= 14,23) de un club de baloncesto del sur oeste de España. Por medio de dispositivos inerciales semidió la carga interna y externa de cada deportista durante los entrenamientos. Se empleó una escala de bienestar para variables como el estrés, la fatiga, el dolor muscular, y cuestionarios de auto-informe para el esfuerzo percibido, la motivación, la inteligencia emocional y la percepción de rendimiento. Los resultados evidenciaron que la categoría U14 y en general las chicas, manifestaron más intensidad, mayor percepción de esfuerzo y de rendimiento, así como índices más altos de inteligencia emocional.La categoría U16 y los chicos, reflejaron mayor fatiga, nivel de estrés y dolor muscular, y menores dígitos de inteligencia emocional y motivación autodeterminada. A modo de conclusión, las variables de motivación más autodeterminada y de inteligencia emocional, están directamente relacionadas con la intensidad en los entrenamientos, la percepción de rendimiento y los factores de bienestar como la fatiga, el estrés y el dolor muscular en deportistas en edades escolares (AU)

The objective of this study was to describe the relationship of motivational and emotional variables and the training load in basketball at school age according to gender and training category. 61 young people between 13 and 16 years of age (M = 14.23) from a basketball club in southern Spain participated. By technological devices, the internal and external load of each athlete was measured during training, in addition, a well-being scale was used for variables such as stress, fatigue, muscle pain, and self-report questionnaires for perceived effort, motivation, emotional intelligence and perception of performance. The results showed that the under 14 category and, in general, women, showed more intensity, greater perception of effort and performance, as well as higher rates of emotional intelligence. The under 16 category and men, reflected higher fatigue, stress level and muscle pain, and lower digits of emotional intelligence and self-determined motivation. In conclusion, the most self-determined motivation and emotional intelligence variables are directly related to intensity in training, perception of performance and well-being factors such as fatigue, stress and muscle pain in athletes at school age (AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a relação entre variáveis motivacionais e emocionais e a carga de treinamento no basquete em idade escolar, de acordo com o sexo e a categoria de treinamento. Participaram 61 jovens entre 13 e 16 anos (M = 14,23) de um clube de basquete do sul da Espanha. Por meio de dispositivos tecnológicos, a carga interna e externa de cada atleta foi mensurada durante o treinamento; além disso, foi utilizada uma escala de bem-estar para variáveis como estresse, fadiga, dor muscular e questionários de autorrelato para o esforço percebido, motivação, inteligência emocional e percepção de desempenho. Os resultados mostraram que a categoria U14 e, em geral, mulheres, apresentaram mais intensidade, maior percepção de esforço e desempenho, além de maiores índices de inteligência emocional. A categoria U16 e os homens em geral refletiram maior fadiga, nível de estresse e dor muscular, e dígitos maisbaixos de inteligência emocional e motivação autodeterminada. Como conclusão, as variáveis mais determinantes de motivação e inteligência emocional estão diretamente relacionadas à intensidade do treinamento, percepção de desempenho e fatores de bem-estar, como fadiga, estresse e dores musculares em atletas em idade escolar. (AU)

Influence of Coach’s Anger on Team’s Performance in Basketball / Influencia de la ira del entrenador en el rendimiento del equipo en baloncesto

Coaches exert a significant influence on team enviroment as well as on the collective performance in team sports. Based on these premises, this study aims to analyze the effects of the coaches’ anger on the basketball teams’ performance in youth players. The study sample was composed by 24 basketball matches of the semifinals and finals of the Spanish Championship of Autonomous Teams for Under-16 (U16) and under-14 (U14) male and female players during the years 2019 and 2020. Every game was video observed using an ad hoc observational instrument. A total of n=544 anger events from the coaches of all 32 teams were analysed. The results showed a higher frequency of anger in the U14 category, in female players, in teams that were losing and when the result was close. Most anger actions seem to have a negative or neutral effect on team’s performance. It is particularly negative when it is focused on the referee, who is the main cause and object of the anger. When coaches showed low intensity anger, they obtained slight improvements. The results suggest that coaches need to manage and control their emotions according to the game context.(AU)