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1.
Rev. colomb. cir ; 27(1): 25-29, ene.-mar. 2012. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-639907

RESUMO

Introduccion. Persiste la controversia en cuanto a la superioridad de la profilaxis sobre el tratamiento antimicrobiano para evitar la infeccion posquirurgica. Objetivo. Comparar el control de la infeccion bacteriana mediante el uso de profilaxis con el tratamiento antimicrobiano en pacientes sometidos a implantes. Materiales y metodos. Los pacientes de la muestra (n=30), con edades entre los 30 y los 70 anos de edad, se asignaron aleatoriamente en dos grupos. Quince recibieron profilaxis de 2 g de amoxicilina 30 minutos antes de la cirugia y los restantes recibieron tratamiento de 500 mg de amoxicilina cada ocho horas por siete dias. Se valoraron los signos de infeccion .dolor, rubor, tumefaccion y exudacion. a los 3, 8 y 15 dias despues del procedimiento. Una semana despues se determino el numero de leucocitos, neutrofilos y linfocitos. Las variables categoricas se compararon mediante la prueba de ji al cuadrado y razon de verosimilitud. Los contrastes numericos se valoraron mediante la prueba t de Student, segun la validacion de los supuestos de normalidad y homocedasticidad (ƒ¿=0,05, en todos los casos). Resultados. La proporcion de infeccion fue menor en el grupo de profilaxis que en el grupo de tratamiento. El grupo de profilaxis tuvo una menor proporcion de signos y sintomas de infeccion (6,7 % Vs. 13,3 %), sin alcanzar significancia estadistica (p=0,27). El promedio de la fraccion de leucocitos, linfocitos y neutrofilos en el cuadro hematico, estuvo dentro del rango de normalidad en los dos grupos (p=0,79, p=0,91 y p=0,82, respectivamente). Conclusiones. La menor proporcion de infeccion confirma los resultados previamente publicados, que sustentan la superioridad de la profilaxis antibiotica sobre el tratamiento antibiotico para prevenir las infecciones posquirurgicas.


Introduction: There is persistent controversy over the superiority of antibiotic prophylaxis versus antimicrobial therapy in avoiding postoperative infection following dental implants. Objective: To compare the use of antibiotic prophylaxis versus antimicrobial therapy in the control of infection in patients undergoing dental implant surgery. Method: The sample consisted of thirty patients, ages between 30 and 70 years that were randomly divided into two groups, 15 patients each. The average age in the prophylaxis group was 52 years and 59 in the therapy group, and the average was 2 implants placed per patient. One group received prophylaxis with amoxicillin 2 g 30 minutes before surgery and the other group received therapy with amoxicillin 500 mg capsules every 8 hours for 7 days. Postoperative clinical control of signs of infection -pain, redness, swelling, and oozing- was registered at 3, 8 and 15 days. The count of leukocytes, neutrophiles and lymphocytes was determined at one week following the procedure. Results: The number of signs of infection were lower in the prophylaxis group than in the therapy group. The prophylaxis group exhibited lesser number of signs and symptoms of infection (6.7% versus 13.3%), although not reaching statistical significance. The average number of leukocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils in the blood counts were within normal range in both groups, with no statistical difference between the two groups (p = 0.79, p = 0.91, p = 0.82, respectively). Conclusions: The lesser number of signs of infection confirms recently reported results that support the superiority of antibiotic prophylaxis over antibiotic therapy in the prevention of infection following dental implants.


Assuntos
Implantação Dentária , Controle de Infecções Dentárias , Profilaxia Dentária , Infecções
2.
Rev. cienc. salud (Bogotá) ; 7(3): 55-61, dic. 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-635959

RESUMO

Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una descripción de las características clínicoimagenológicas de la neuropatía óptica asociada al Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana, para poder identificar si está presente dentro de nuestra población; ya que no existen datos estadísticos sobre la frecuencia de esta patología a nivel regional (1, 2). Materiales y métodos: para lograr el objetivo se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal de una serie clínica de 23 pacientes, a quienes se les midió el grosor de la capa de fibras del nervio óptico, mediante la tecnología OCT (Tomografía Óptica de Coherencia); a cada paciente se le realizaron tres tomas y se escogió la de mayor confiabilidad. Resultados: en cuanto a la variable carga viral, se encontró que con menor carga se presenta mayor grosor de capa de fibras. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas para la hora seis en ojo derecho, y para las horas seis y doce en ojo izquierdo. En los grosores evidenciados en la muestra, se observó una clara disminución en los cuadrantes inferior y superior, específicamente en la hora siete y en la once; esta diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa en la hora siete. Conclusiones: el patrón de adelgazamiento de la capa de fibras nerviosas en pacientes con VIH positivo sin SIDA y en tratamiento antiretroviral tipo HAART muestra un adelgazamiento focalizado estadísticamente significativo en las horas siete y once; en la hora siete es mayor. También evidencia que existe una correlación entre la carga viral y el adelgazamiento de la capa de fibras: a menor capa de fibras, mayor carga viral.


Objective: The objective of this study is to conduct a description of the features of optic neuropathy associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in relation to their possible incidence within our population, regarding that there is no data in our population in terms of frequency of this pathology (1,2). Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional study of a clinical series of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus, but AIDS, and the thickness of optic nerve´s layer of fibers studied with OCT technology (optical coherence tomography), patients were cited once captured. OCT was performed by the same observer, by taking 3 shots and picking the one with better reliability. Patients were given personally to the Ophthalmologic Foundation of Santander to conduct the review called OCT (optical coherence tomography). Results: In terms of viral load variable, we found a clear correlation in which validates the hypothesis that lower viral load means a thicker layer of fibers finding statistically significant differences for the 6 hours in right eye and 12 and 6 hours in left eye. Comparison between the known nomogram of fiber layer thickness for the population of Bucaramanga, Santander and thickness found in our sample, we note a clear decrease in the upper and lower quadrants, specifically in 7 hours and 11 hours, being more important in 7 hours, showing statistically significant differences. Conclusions: The pattern of thinning of the nerve fiber layer in HIV positive patients without AIDS, and antiretroviral treatment type HAART, showed a statistically significant thinning targeted at 7 hours and 11 hours, being higher in first. Viral load figures have a direct relation with loss fiber layer, showing a statistically significant difference for the 6 and 12 hours.


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças do Nervo Óptico , Nervo Óptico , Estudos Transversais , HIV , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Nomogramas , Fibras Nervosas
3.
J Neuroimmunol ; 164(1-2): 10-21, 2005 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15885809

RESUMO

We demonstrate that the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor drug trichostatin A (TSA) reduces spinal cord inflammation, demyelination, neuronal and axonal loss and ameliorates disability in the relapsing phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of multiple sclerosis (MS). TSA up-regulates antioxidant, anti-excitotoxicity and pro-neuronal growth and differentiation mRNAs. TSA also inhibits caspase activation and down-regulates gene targets of the pro-apoptotic E2F transcription factor pathway. In splenocytes, TSA reduces chemotactic, pro-Th1 and pro-proliferative mRNAs. A transcriptional imbalance in MS may contribute to immune dysregulation and neurodegeneration, and we identify HDAC inhibition as a transcriptional intervention to ameliorate this imbalance.


Assuntos
Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/uso terapêutico , Inibidores da Síntese de Proteínas/uso terapêutico , Animais , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Córtex Cerebral/citologia , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Esquema de Medicação , Interações Medicamentosas , Embrião de Mamíferos , Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental/induzido quimicamente , Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental/genética , Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental/patologia , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Glicoproteínas , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Glicoproteína Mielina-Oligodendrócito , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos/métodos , Fragmentos de Peptídeos , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/métodos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Baço/metabolismo , Sais de Tetrazólio , Tiazóis , Fatores de Tempo
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