RESUMO
Multiple myeloma is the second most common hematological malignancy, characterized by an uncontrollable proliferation of clonal plasma cells. Although progresses in understanding its pathobiology and its treatment are made every day, it remains incurable. Since myeloma is more and more common, especially in the elderly, we would like to propose an overview of its pathobiology, diagnostic criteria and treatment «guidelines¼.
Deuxième pathologie hématologique la plus fréquente, le myélome multiple est une maladie plasmocytaire qui reste actuellement incurable. Pourtant, tous les jours, des progrès sont effectués au niveau de la compréhension de sa physiopathologie et de l'élaboration de stratégies de traitement. Vu son caractère de plus en plus répandu, surtout chez la personne âgée, nous proposons un tour d'horizon de sa physiopathologie, de ses critères diagnostiques et des grandes lignes de sa prise en charge.
Assuntos
Mieloma Múltiplo , Idoso , Biologia , Humanos , Mieloma Múltiplo/diagnóstico , Mieloma Múltiplo/terapiaRESUMO
Recent advances in transcriptome sequencing and analysis have revealed the complexity of the human genome. The majority (≈ 98%) of cellular transcripts is not translated into proteins and represents a vast, unchartered world of functional non-coding RNAs. Most of them adopt a well-defined three-dimensional structure to achieve their biological functions. However, only very few RNA structures are currently available which reflects the challenges associated with RNA crystallization. Nevertheless, these structures would represent a critical step in understanding functions of non-coding RNAs and their molecular mechanisms in the cell. The overall goal of this study is to develop an innovative and versatile tool to facilitate the functional study and crystallization of structured RNAs (stRNAs). In this work, we have engineered an antibody fragment from camelid heavy-chain antibody (nanobody) able to specifically bind with low nanomolar affinity to stRNA, while no binding could be detected for single-stranded DNA/RNA, double-stranded DNA/RNA or a negatively charged protein. However, this nanobody recognizes different and non-related stRNAs, this observation suggests that it binds to an epitope shared by these stRNAs. Finally, our data also show that the binding of the nanobody does not alter the secondary structure content of the stRNA as well as its unfolding/refolding processes during heat treatment. This work constitutes a successful proof of concept demonstrating that nanobodies can be engineered to recognize RNA-related epitopes.
Assuntos
RNA/química , RNA/metabolismo , Anticorpos de Domínio Único/farmacologia , Técnicas de Química Combinatória , Cristalografia por Raios X , Temperatura Alta , Humanos , Modelos Moleculares , Conformação de Ácido Nucleico , Anticorpos de Domínio Único/química , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
The cumulative seroprevalence was 5.21% among the homo/bisexual men in the four years. As well as in Budapest, we experienced the increase of seroprevalence in the country, too, after a decrease in 1988. The cumulative seroprevalence was 0.44% with men and 0.04% with women in the group of the voluntary reporters in the mentioned period. The same indexes were 0.07% for men and 0.019% for women in the group of the STD patients. Seroprevalence with men increased significantly in the last year. Hungary belongs to the low-incidence area among the European countries, even though the group of homosexuals can be considered moderately infected, seroprevalence is increasing in Budapest as well as in the country and heterosexuals are also affected.
