RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Lifestyle and nutritional transitions in the society driven by globalization have led to the rising burden of cholelithiasis. The present study was done to assess the impact of lifestyle, stress, menstrual pattern, and cardiometabolic risk factors on young females with cholelithiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted on young females of 18-45 years. Cases and age-matched controls were compared on their lifestyle parameters like demography, marital status, occupation, educational status, family income, stress along with menstrual pattern, cardiometabolic parameters like anthropometric measures, blood pressure (BP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and lipid profile. Chi-square test and unpaired t-test were used for the analysis of data using SPSS software, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The majority of the cases were from rural areas, married, homemakers leading a comparatively sedentary lifestyle consuming more red meat, less literate, and belonged to a lower economic group with significantly more stress compared to controls. The age of menarche, neither the regularity nor irregularity of the menstrual cycle (regular cycle 21-35 days), showed any difference, but cases had significantly more pregnancies and usage of oral contraceptives compared to controls. Waist-height ratio, systolic BP, FBS, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) were significantly higher in cases. Cases had a 14.4 times more risk of developing metabolic syndrome when compared with controls. CONCLUSION: Married, rural, less literate Indian women leading a sedentary lifestyle, consuming more of red meat, and soft drinks with increased psychosomatic stress are more prone to develop cholelithiasis. Women who use hormonal contraceptives have increased occurrence of cholelithiasis and they were more prone to develop metabolic syndrome. The need for the hour is health education, to implement simple lifestyle changes, thereby decreasing the incidence of cholelithiasis in young females.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Bio-impedance is the measure of impedance of the body. Impedance consists of resistance and reactance. Phase angle (PA) is the tan value of the ratio of reactance versus resistance. PA depends on cell membrane integrity and on body cell mass. Earlier studies have shown a correlation between PA values and body cell mass. Body cell mass varies in chronic diseases like HIV infection, tuberculosis, cancers and chronic renal failure. AIMS: The aim of this study was to compare the PA values of tuberculosis patients (TB) with that of control subjects and to compare the anthropometric values between the groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bioimpedance analysis and PA measurements were done using Bodystat Quadscan 4000 machine on 30 tuberculosis patients and controls between the age group of 18 to 50 years. RESULTS: The PA values were 5.09 +/- 1.11 degrees and 7.2 +/- 1.27 degrees in TB patients and control subjects respectively. PA values were positively correlated with Body mass index (BMI) in TB patients and control (r = 0.42 and 0.011, both p < 0.001). Mean difference and its 95% confidence interval between groups for PA were -2.11 (-2.72, -1.49), for weight -13.9 (-18.1, -9.7), for BMI -5.65 (-7.1, -4.2), for corrected arm muscle area (CAMA) -9.91 (-13.2, -6.6) and for impedance 152.6 (106.6, 198.6). PA, weight, BMI and CAMA were significantly higher in control subjects and impedance was lower in control groups using independent sample t test. CONCLUSIONS: PA and nutritional status were significantly low in TB patients as compared with control subjects.
