Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of the Pro AF Baby Gold and Kedo-S pediatric endodontic files for canal instrumentation, transportation, and centering ratio - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Traditionally, pediatric endodontics lacked access to the full potential of rotary instruments. These instruments, designed for the permanent root canal system, often presented limitations when used in primary teeth. To address this, exclusive pediatric rotary files with regular improvements have been introduced, featuring superior cutting efficiency with a focus on precise alignment. This design offers the advantage of reduced risk of ledges, perforations, instrument separation, and canal transportation. This study aimed to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of Pro AF Baby Gold and Kedo-S rotary files in preparing primary tooth root canals during pulpectomy procedures through a meta-analysis. METHODOLOGY: The review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines. The review searched electronic databases from 2000 to February 2024 for studies evaluating the efficacy of Pro AF Baby Gold and Kedo-S files in terms of canal instrumentation, transportation, and centering ratio. The Cochrane risk of bias (ROB)-2 tool assessed quality, with analyses conducted using RevMan software version 5.3. The standardized mean difference (SMD) served as the summary with a random effects model (P < 0.05). RESULTS: Out of the five studies identified through the eligibility criteria, three were deemed suitable for a meta-analysis, while all five were included in a qualitative synthesis. The quality assessment revealed a presence of moderate-to-low ROB. The pooled analysis using SMD did not show any statistically significant differences between the files, except for the centering ratio in the mesiobuccal canal, where the Kedo-S file performed slightly better. In addition, the absence of any significant asymmetry in the funnel plot suggests that there is likely no publication bias present in the data. CONCLUSION: Pro AF Baby Gold files can be used as an alternative adjunct in pediatric endodontics to Kedo-S files and manual files.Prospero Registration: CRD42023469406.

A Leap Beyond Traditional Methods: A Case Report on the Horizontal Loop Distal Shoe.

This case report presents the successful management of a four-year-old male patient with pain in the lower right back tooth region. Clinical and radiographic examinations revealed the necessity for extraction of tooth 85 due to persistent infection and bone resorption, necessitating space maintenance. A modified distal shoe space maintainer, incorporating horizontal loops for enhanced adjustability, was utilized postextraction. The appliance was fabricated, cemented, and monitored through follow-up visits. At the 24-month recall, the permanent mandibular first molar (tooth 46) was clinically visible, indicating successful space maintenance. Incorporating horizontal loops into the distal shoe space maintainer represents an innovative approach in pediatric dentistry, offering clinicians a versatile tool for managing space loss and promoting optimal eruptive patterns.

Decoding Early Childhood Caries: A Comprehensive Review Navigating the Impact of Evolving Dietary Trends in Preschoolers.

This comprehensive review delves into the intricate relationship between evolving dietary trends in preschoolers and the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC). The investigation meticulously analyzes ECC epidemiology, etiology, and preventive strategies. The review unveils the multifaceted nature of ECC, highlighting microbial, dietary, and environmental factors contributing to its development. Significantly, the study explores the global prevalence of ECC and its substantial implications for the overall health, nutrition, and development of preschool-aged children. The implications for public health and policy are deliberated, advocating for targeted interventions and collaborative efforts among healthcare professionals, policymakers, educators, and parents. The conclusion presents a compelling call to action, urging collective engagement to mitigate the impact of ECC and prioritize the well-being of preschoolers. This review offers valuable insights for healthcare professionals, policymakers, educators, and parents to inform evidence-based strategies for addressing ECC and promoting early childhood oral health.

Smart Material for Smarter Dentistry.

Smart materials encompass a variety of substances, including smart antimicrobial peptides, pit and fissure sealants, impression materials, cement, and sutures. These materials can change properties under specific stimuli such as temperature, stress, moisture, pH, or electric and magnetic fields. These constituents signify the commencement of a novel era or epoch in the field of smart dentistry and exhibit the potential for enhanced efficacy in the future.

A Correlation between Clinical Classification of Dental Pulp and Periapical Diseases with its Patho Physiology and Pain Pathway.

Background: Dental pain due to pulpal involvement is difficult to diagnose due to the apparent inaccessibility of pulp to the clinical tests, indistinct symptoms, and referred toothache originating from the periodontal tissues. Though we have various clinical classification systems to categorize pulpal diseases, we are yet biased about the exact pathophysiology and pain pathway associated with it. Dental pulp has a complex physiology, and so is its pathophysiology. Aims & objectives: To concisely reviews the basic understanding of the pathophysiology of pulp, pain pathway, and its correlation with the classification of various clinical conditions of pulpal inflammation and periapical diseases. Methodology: Literature search on pulpal diseases and pathophysiology from the sources: MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Databases dated from 1965 till December 2020 was carried on to collect 163 articles. Results: Filtered search on the pathophysiology of pulp, pain pathway, and classification of various clinical conditions of pulpal inflammation resulted us to precise 36 articles required for our understanding and demystifying the correlation. Conclusion: The emphasis should be laid on understanding the minute changes occurring inside the pulp in due course of inflammation to aid its diagnosis and a treatment plan accordingly. How to cite this article: Samir PV, Mahapatra N, Dutta B, et al. A Correlation between Clinical Classification of Dental Pulp and Periapical Diseases with its Patho Physiology and Pain Pathway. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(4):639-644.

Glimpse of TENS in Dentistry: A Literature Review.

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy has been accepted to treat a wide range of illnesses, including phantom limb pain, joint pain, low back pain, and cervical discomfort. TENS is not frequently used in dentistry, despite its potential advantages. 3, 4 Therefore, the rationale of present review is to discuss its dental applications in order to spread awareness of them among the dental profession.

Microbiological and Clinical Evaluation of Efficacy of Locally Delivered Tetracycline in Conjunction with Scaling and Root Planning.

Introduction: Chronic periodontitis is an infectious disease which is multifactorial in etiology. The red complex bacteria have an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing the synthetic trypsin substrate, N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-napthylamide (BANA). Tetracycline as a bacteriostatic agent is used in the treatment of periodontitis. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinically and microbiologically the efficacy of tetracycline fibers in conjunction with scaling and root planning in chronic periodontitis patients. Methodology: A Split mouth clinical and microbiological randomized control study was done to compare the clinical effects of subgingivally delivered antimicrobial bioabsorbable controlled release 2 mg tetracycline fibers as an adjunct to scaling and root planning on one side and comparing the other side treated only with scaling and root planning only. Result: Showed both scaling and root planning and the use of tetracycline an adjunct with scaling and root planning are equally effective. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Scaling and root planing (SRP) with or without use of adjunct local drug delivery agent like tetracycline is effective in treating chronic periodontitis.

Pedia tricks - Out-of-the-box thinking in paediatric dentistry.

Noncooperative behaviour faced by a paediatric dentist is the most common attribution towards behavioural manifestations of anxiety in children, and it had been observed that these relationships are long-deterministic and form part of the aforementioned belief system of the child. Forehead and Long in their study found that most uncooperative behaviour of the child is due to their strong will and these children are generally confident, persistent and independent. A fruitful method to deal with strong willed children is to violate the causal relationship by some magic tricks from preventive via curative to his/her follow ups visits. Tricks can be applied at three levels of their visit. Level 1 is preoperative tricks, which includes the preventive measures that teach and educate children for good oral health. Level 2 is operative tricks, which involves child preparedness for successful dental procedures. Level 3 is postoperative tricks, which involve positive reinforcement for regular follow ups. The purpose of this review is to make paediatric dentists think like magicians by using the science behind the magic and applying it in their practice for creating a positive attitude of a child toward dentistry and better procedural experience.

Comparative Evaluation of Adhesive Bond Strength of Conventional GIC and Cention N to Enamel and Dentin of Primary Teeth: An In Vitro Study.

Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the adhesive bond strength of conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) and Cention N to the primary enamel and dentin using an accelerated fatigue test. Materials and methods: A total of 30 sound human primary molars were collected and were mounted on a metal cylindrical block using acrylic resin, embedding the root up to cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). Proximal box was prepared on both mesial and distal surfaces, one of the cavity was restored with GIC (Type 9) and the other proximal cavity with Cention N. A nonretentive cavity design was followed for both the materials so as to maintain the uniformity between the two specimens were then placed under a universal testing machine (Instron) and subjected to accelerated cyclic loads till a separation fracture occurs at the tooth-restoration interface. The number of endured cycles a particular restoration could withstand before getting fractured was registered. Results: Cention N resisted significantly more number of endured cycles before separation from the cavity as compared to GIC (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that newly developed material Cention N is preferred alternative over conventional GIC for the restoration of proximal cavities in primary molars. How to cite this article: Dhull KS, Dutta B, Pattnaik S, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Adhesive Bond Strength of Conventional GIC and Cention N to Enamel and Dentin of Primary Teeth: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(4):412-416.

Prevalence and Pattern of Non-syndromic Hypodontia among Adolescents in Southern Part of India.

BACKGROUND: Non-syndromic hypodontia is the most common developmental dental anomaly, but there is a paucity of literature on its prevalence and severity in the Indian population. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of non-syndromic hypodontia among adolescent schoolchildren in the southern part of India. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 20 schools from two states of southern India, named-Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. A total of 5,458 children in the age-group 13 to 15 years were selected. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical examination was carried out to check the absence of a permanent tooth and was confirmed by radiographic findings. The inclusion criterion was children with all the permanent teeth erupted (except third molars) and exclusion criteria were teeth missing due to reasons other than congenital agenesis. A Chi-square test was applied to check the significance. RESULTS: The total prevalence of hypodontia in the study sample was 1.4%. Girls displayed a higher prevalence value (1.9%) than boys (1.1%). Maxillary lateral incisor was the most commonly congenitally missing tooth, followed by mandibular incisors and mandibular second premolar. Overall, hypodontia with a predominance of unilateral pattern and a predilection for the left side was observed. CONCLUSION: The most common missing permanent tooth (except third molars) was the maxillary lateral incisor. Hypodontia was more prevalent in females and had a predominance of unilateral patterns with a predilection toward the left side. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Manasa Devi TL, Dutta B, Dwijendra KS, et al. Prevalence and Pattern of Non-syndromic Hypodontia among Adolescents in Southern Part of India. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(4):492-496.

Prevalence of Deleterious Oral Habits among 3- to 5-year-old Preschool Children in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

AIM: Oral habits during and beyond preschool age are one of the important etiological factors in developing malocclusion and other ill effects on orofacial structures. The objective of the present study was to know the prevalence of deleterious oral habits among 3- to 5-year-old preschool children in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among preschool children, in the age group of 3 to 5 years in the city of Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. To carry out this study, six private schools, two from each of the three electoral constituency, were selected using cluster sampling technique. A total of 500 students, studying in LKG and UKG and their respective mothers/caregivers were selected for the study as per the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Prevalence of different oral habits in children was calculated from the data obtained. Using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 17.0 software, Chi-square test was applied to compare the differences present between boys and girls and their significant values (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The result of this study showed a high prevalence of oral habits (36%) among preschool children in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Lip biting was found to be the most prevalent habit (13.4%), followed closely by thumb sucking (12.8%), bruxism (12.8%), and mouth breathing (11%). CONCLUSION: The study revealed a great dearth of a well-established dental education program for preschool children as well as their parents, caretakers, teachers, and pediatricians in order to provide an effective and timely care to the children.How to cite this article: Dhull KS, Verma T, Dutta B. Prevalence of Deleterious Oral Habits among 3- to 5-year-old Preschool Children in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(3):210-213.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Mothers towards Infant Oral Healthcare.

BACKGROUND: Among all the oral diseases, dental caries is the most common chronic disease affecting the children. Early childhood caries is one of the most severe forms of dental caries affecting the children less than 3 years. Though dental caries is preventable, not much importance has been given to the preventive aspect of dental caries. This is because of the lack of oral health education. Vertical colonization occurs from caregiver usually mother to the child. Since mother play an important role in a child's life, their knowledge about child's oral health will have a significant impact on the child's oral health status. A proper knowledge for the mothers regarding infant's oral health care will be beneficial in reducing the burden of dental caries in children. Hence a study was conducted to evaluate the mother's knowledge, attitude and practice towards infant oral health care. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among a convenient sample of 185 first time mothers with a child aged 9 to 24 months of age visiting Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry. Permission to carry out the study was obtained from the Institutional Ethical Board. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire used in this study was divided into two sections. The first section contained demographic details and the second section contained knowledge about primary teeth and practice of oral health care. All the participants fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled. The purpose of the study and the questionnaire were explained to each participant. The questionnaire was completed and returned before leaving the clinic. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. RESULTS: Total 52.5% of the mothers responded that first tooth erupt after 6 months. A total of 86.5% of the mothers were not aware of the first dental visit. 77.8% did not agree that caries causing bacteria is transferred from mother to the child; 53% mothers did not agree that night time bottle feeding causes dental caries and 78.4% disagreed that nocturnal breastfeeding can cause dental caries in children. A total of 65.4% mothers feel dental check-up is not necessary when the first tooth erupt, and 95.7% mother did not have any information on infant oral health care. 72.4% of mothers started using toothbrush and paste after all the primary teeth erupted and only 5.9% of the mother had the knowledge about proper dispensing of toothpaste for children. CONCLUSION: Overall knowledge and attitude of mothers towards oral health care of children is poor. Health care professionals like a gynecologist, pediatrician Anganwadi workers who contact first-time mothers need to be trained to disseminate appropriate infant oral health care information. The mother needs to be educated about oral health during their antenatal check upHow to cite this article: Dhull KS, Dutta B, Devraj IM, Samir PV. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Mothers towards Infant Oral Healthcare. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2018;11(5):435-439.

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of various Intracanal Medicaments in Primary Teeth: An in vivo Study.

INTRODUCTION: Bacteria and their products play a primary etiological role in the initiation and perpetuation of pulpoperiapical pathosis. Intracanal medication is important for endodontic success as it eliminates microorganisms that persist after chemomechanical preparation. AIM: To compare antimicrobial efficacy of calcium hydroxide powder, triple antibiotic paste, calcium hydroxide with 2% chlorhexidine solution, and triple antibiotic paste with 2% chlorhexidine solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 48 nonvital primary teeth were included in this study. After access opening first microbiological sample (s1) was collected by using absorbent paper point introducing into canal. Second microbilogical sample (s2) was taken following chemomechanical preparation and the teeth were divided into four groups: Group I: calcium hydroxide (CH) powder with distilled water; group II: CH with 2% chlorhexidine solution; group III: triple antibiotic powder with distilled water; group IV: triple antibiotic paste with 2% chlorhexidine solution. Then the canals were filled with any one group of the medicament and cavity was temporarily sealed with zinc oxide eugenol. After 1 week, a postmedication sample (s3) was collected. Then the canal was filled with Metapex, restored with glass ionomer cement. CONCLUSION: From the experiments carried out in this study, with the limitations, an inference can be drawn that a combination of antimicrobial agent used as intracanal medicament is definitely better than single agent like Ca(OH)2. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Dutta B, Dhull KS, Das D, Samir PV, Verma RK, Singh N. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of various Intracanal Medicaments in Primary Teeth: An in vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(3):267-271.

A novel clinical approach for long-term retention and durability of resin restorations bonded to multiple developmental defects of enamel.

Dental enamel is a unique, highly mineralized tissue of ectodermal origin. It is characterized by lack of metabolic activity once formed, implying that disturbances during development can manifest as permanent defects in the erupted tooth. Although the etiology of enamel defects may be attributed to local, systemic, genetic, or environmental factors, most are likely to be multifactorial in nature. The time frame of exposure and the mechanism underpinning the causative factors determine the presentation of these defects. These developmental defects of enamel (DDE) may range from slight abnormalities of the tooth's color to a complete absence of the enamel, some of which may be sensed by an individual as being disfiguring and call for treatment to improve the appearance of the dentition. Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a relatively common condition that varies in clinical severity, remains localized to permanent incisors and first permanent molars, and whose prevalence varies between 2.8 and 25% depending upon the study. Adhesion and retention of resin restorations is challenging in long-term rehabilitation in these cases. This paper presents a novel approach in the functional and esthetic rehabilitation of a 13-year-old female child diagnosed with multiple DDEs.

Surgical Derotation Technique: A Novel Approach in the Management of Rotated Immature Permanent Incisor.

Surgical derotation is a method of placing a rotated tooth in normal alignment in a dental arch; surgically, immediately and permanently. It is a potentially convenient and cost-effective treatment modality as compared to conventional orthodontic procedure for rotated maxillary incisor with open apex. Here is a presentation of a severely rotated maxillary left permanent central incisor in a nine and half years old girl, with a radiographic evidence of immature root apex which was surgically derotated, orthodontically retroclined and intruded to its normal position. Postsurgical clinical and radiographic evaluation was done for a period of one and half years to confirm the vitality and continued physiological root formation of the affected tooth. How to cite this article: Dutta B, Krishnapriya V, Sriram CH, Reddy MKR. Surgical Derotation Technique: A Novel Approach in the Management of Rotated Immature Permanent Incisor. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2015;8(3):220-223.

Circummandibular wiring of symphysis fracture in a five-year-old child.

The treatment of pediatric maxillofacial fractures is unique due to the psychological, physiological, developmental, and anatomical characteristics of children. Method. This case report describes the management of symphysis fracture of mandible in a 5-year-old boy. The fracture was treated by acrylic splint with circummandibular wiring. Results. The splint was removed after 3 weeks. The patient had no complaints, and radiograph revealed a healed fracture. Conclusion. The clinical outcome in the present case indicates the management of mandibular fractures in pediatric patients using acrylic splint with circummandibular wiring.