In vivo neuroprotective, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory potential in Swiss albino mice and in vitro antioxidant and clot lysis activities of fractionated Holigarna longifolia Roxb. bark extract.

Background The study investigated the in vivo neuroprotective, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory potential and in vitro antioxidant and clot lysis activities of crude methanol extract with its different solvent-soluble fractions like petroleum ether (PESF), carbon tetrachloride (CTSF), chloroform (CSF) and aqueous (AQSF) of Holigarna longifolia Roxb. Methods Phenobarbitone-induced sleeping time method was used for the neuroprotective activity, writhing response experimental model introduced by acetic acid was designed for antinociceptive efficacy, carrageenan-induced paw edema model was carried out for anti-inflammatory activity, DPPH free radical scavenging activity was assessed for antioxidant activity and clot lysis model was investigated for the thrombolytic potential of the plant. Results On investigation it was found that methanol extract and CS fraction revealed statistically meaningful (p<0.05) neuroprotective activity by increasing phenobarbitone-induced sleeping time of mice, produced substantial (p<0.05) inflammation inhibitory efficacy compared to standard diclofenac sodium and also exhibited statistically significant (p<0.01) oxidative stress inhibitory efficacy by inhibiting free radical formation compared to ascorbic acid as standard. Only methanol extract produced significant (p<0.05) antinociceptive activity by inhibiting abdominal writhes produced by acetic acid compared to standard analgesic drug diclofenac sodium. And only aqueous soluble fraction exhibited moderate clot lysis activity compared to streptokinase as standard. Conclusion The findings demonstrate that H. longifolia could be potential neuroprotective due to its justified antioxidative capacity as well as clot lysis properties.

Antibacterial, anthelmintic, and analgesic activities of Piper sylvaticum (Roxb.) leaves and in silico molecular docking and PASS prediction studies of its isolated compounds.

Background In the present study, we investigated the antibacterial, anthelmintic, and analgesic activities of methanol extract of P. sylvaticum leaves (MEPSL) in experimental models. Then, computational analysis (in silico molecular docking and PASS prediction) was performed to determine the potent phytoconstituents of total six isolated compounds of this plant for antibacterial and anthelmintic activities. Methods Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical studies were carried out by established methods. In vitro antibacterial activity was determined by disc diffusion technique and anthelmintic activity was tested against Tubifex tubifex worm whereas analgesic activity was determined by the acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice. Molecular docking study was performed using Schrödinger Maestro 10.1 and an online tool used for PASS prediction. Results Our phytochemical study revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and also indicated a substantial amount of phenols (65.83 mg), flavonoids (102.56 mg), and condensed tannins (89.32 mg). MEPSL showed good antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Our result exhibited that MEPSL has strong anthelmintic action compared to standard levamisole. In addition, the extract also showed a dose-dependent and statistically significant analgesic activity at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, body weight. Docking studies showed that piperine and piperlonguminine have the best scores for the tested enzymes. PASS predicted the antibacterial and anthelmintic activity of both phytoconstituents. Conclusions This study suggests that MEPSL possess significant antibacterial, anthelmintic, and analgesic activities which could be related to the presence of several phytochemicals. The phytoconstituents, i.e. piperine and piperlonguminine were found to be most effective in computational studies.