Evaluation of Vancoplus versus ceftriaxone against cephalosporin resistance MRSA strain in experimental meningitis model.

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of ceftriaxone plus vancomycin (Vancoplus) versus ceftriaxone alone against cephalosporin resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain by using meningitis mice model. The MRSA strain ATCC 43300 was used to induce meningitis in mice. The mice were fed standard pelleted diet and water ad libitum. The test room was air conditioned with temperature 23 +/- 2 degrees C, humidity 65+/- 5% and with artificial fluorescent light 10-14 hrs. of light and dark, respectively. Twenty four mice were divided into four group containing six rats in each group. The ceftriaxone group received 28.57 mg/Kg body weight/day and the vancoplus group received 42.8 mg/Kg body weight/day and control as well as infected group received normal saline. The bacterial susceptibility test in CSF was performed for cephalosporin resistance MRSA strain by determining the lytic zone for the vancoplus and ceftriaxone antibiotic. The lytic zone was more in vancoplus as compared to ceftriaxone. It was also found that activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase were significantly increased (p<0.001) along with decreased (p<0.001) in lipid peroxidation (malonaldialdehyde) level in CSF of vancoplus treated group as compared to infected as well as ceftriaxone resistance group and come back to normal level. It was concluded that vancoplus beneficial for the patients who suffered from cephalosporin resistant MRSA bacterial strain.

Fixed-dose combination of cefepime plus amikacin (potentox) inhibits pneumonia infection.

Pneumonia is a severe infection that causes high morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. It is caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, which generally causes upper respiratory tract infection. In case of such type of infection, levels of oxidant and antioxidant become imbalanced, which may contribute to lung injury. The present study was planned to evaluate the status of oxidant and antioxidant enzyme activities in plasma and lung tissue of pneumonia-infected rats model. Animals were randomly distributed into 3 groups of 8 rats each: groups I (control, normal saline treated), II (infected group), and III (infected + treated group). The findings showed that there was significant increase (P < .001) in body temperature along with decreased body weight in the infected group as compared to the control group. Similarly, all the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase) were significantly decreased along with increased malonaldialdehyde (MDA) levels in plasma and lung tissue of the infected group as compared to the control group. These enzyme activities along with MDA levels were improved and came back near to normal level after administration of cefepime plus amikacin (potentox) for 7 days in group III. These studies concluded that fixed-dose combination of potentox improved oxidant and antioxidant levels in pneumonia infection.

Status of some free radical scavenging enzymes in the blood of myocardial infarction patients.

Pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant systems and their levels have significant roles in occlusive vascular diseases. In the present communication, we have measured the levels of some representative anti-oxidant enzymes in the blood of the patients of myocardial infarction after reperfusion and compared them to age and sex matched healthy persons. Our findings show that the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes (viz. SOD, catalase and glutathione reductase) are significantly decreased whereas there is significant increase in the levels of malonaldialdehyde (a marker of free radical-mediated damage) in the patients. The findings point out that ischemic myocardial disorders are associated with excessive free radical generation and free radical-mediated damage of lipids.

Reversal of cadmium induced oxidative stress by chelating agent, antioxidant or their combination in rat.

The influence of an antioxidant agent such as N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or mannitol on the cadmium chelating ability of monoisoamyl 2,3-dimercaptosuccinate (MiADMS) was investigated in cadmium pre-exposed rats. This ester of 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), an accepted drug for lead poisoning, being lipophilic in nature was expected to be an efficient cadmium chelator. The treatment of cadmium intoxicated animals with MiADMS reversed cadmium induced increase in blood catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA), liver MDA and brain SOD and MDA levels but not the decrease in blood, liver brain reduced glutathione (GSH) and increase in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels, consistent with the lowering of tissue cadmium burden. The administration of NAC or mannitol reversed the cadmium induced alterations in blood and liver GSH, GSSG, blood catalase, SOD, MDA, liver SOD, MDA and brain MDA levels without lowering blood and tissue cadmium contents. However, treatments with the combination of MiADMS and NAC or MiADMS and mannitol reversed these alterations as well as reduced blood and tissue cadmium concentrations. The combined treatment with MiADMS and mannitol was better than that with MiADMS and NAC, and was significantly more effective in normalizing blood, liver GSH, GSSG, brain GSSG, and their GSH/GSSG ratios than that by either of them alone. The combined treatments also improved liver and brain endogenous zinc levels, which were decreased due to cadmium toxicity. The results suggest that the administration of an antioxidant during chelation of cadmium may provide beneficial effects by reducing oxidative stress without its cadmium removing ability.