[The use of computed X-ray tomography for assessing the local spread and lymphogenic metastasis of stomach cancer]. / Primenenie rentgenovskoi komp'iuternoi tomografii dlia otsenki mestnogo rasprostraneniia i limfogennogo metastazirovaniia raka zheludka.

The results of application of computer tomography (CT) in 118 patients with gastric cancer were analyzed. The method accuracy in estimation of the cancer in gastric wall spread constitutes 0.98, sensitivity--0.94, and the specificity--0.99. The method accuracy in revealing of the tumor invasion in retroperitoneal space and diaphragmatic crura constitutes 1.0, in liver--0.99, in splenic hilus--0.98, in colon transversum--0.96, in pancreas--0.94. Differential diagnosis of metastatic affection contra inflammatory changes of lymphatic nodes according to the CT data is sophisticated one. The probability to reveal the presence of metastases in lymphatic nodes more 10 mm in size, belonging to the 2nd or the 3d system of regional lymphatic drainage, constitute 85-100%.

[Tumor markers--a diagnostic and prognostic test]. / Opukholevye markery--diagnosticheskii i prognosticheskii test.

Blood levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein, ferritin, ACTH. triiodothyronine and thyroxin were measured by radioimmunoassay in 217 cases of lung, hepatopancreatoduodenal and colonic cancer, 61 patients with nontumor pathology of those sites and in 37 healthy controls. CEA proved the most reliable marker of lung and colonic cancer and tumor-related mechanical jaundice, its lowest concentration in 65-100% of cancer patients exceeding the highest levels observed in controls. In the colorectal group, CEA level returned to normal after radical surgery and rose again at recurrence or distant metastases. Ferritin, cortisol and ACTH appeared less efficient.

[Determination of carcinoembryonic antigen content as a diagnostic and prognostic test in colorectal cancer]. / Opredelenie soderzhaniia rakovoémbrional'nogo antigena kak diagnosticheskii i prognosticheskii test pri kolorektal'nom rake.

Of the 120 patients with colorectal cancer, 24 had distant metastases of a tumor. In these patients, increase in the level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and ferritin in the peripheral blood serum was noted as compared with those in patients without tumor metastases (P less than 0.001). Measuring of CEA content in the peripheral and regional blood can be used in preoperative diagnosis of metastases of colorectal cancer.

[Radioimmunological analysis of gonadotropic and steroid hormones in breast cancer]. / Radioimmunologicheskii analiz gonadotropnykh i steroidnykh gormonov pri rake molochnoi zhelezy.

A study of the blood levels of gonadotropic and steroid hormones in 321 breast cancer patients has shown that the basal levels of gonadotropin concentration in them exceed the control values (p less than 0.05); those of the follicle-stimulating hormone--in 54.1% of patients at reproductive age and in menopause less than 5 years and in 33.8% of patients in menopause over 5 years; those of luteotropin--in 50 and 93.5% of patients, respectively. Low basal levels of estradiol and progesterone were found more than 70% of breast cancer patients. A significant decrease in the level of the above hormones (p less than 0.05) was noted after polychemotherapy. An increase in the levels of corticotropin (in 54.5-65.2% of patients) and cortisol (in 81.6-84.3% of patients) was noted with progression of breast cancer. Data on the above hormones can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic test.

[Use of non-traditional methods of examination in the differential diagnosis of cancer and tuberculosis of the lungs]. / Ispo'lzovanie netraditsionnykh metodov issledovaniia v diffe- rentsia'lnoi diagnostike raka i tuberkuleza legkikh.

The immunoradiometric assay of the blood serum was performed in 61 patient with cancer and in 57 patients with tuberculosis of the lungs to determine the content of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), hydrocortisone, triiodothyronine++ (T3), thyroxin (T4), ferritin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). In 200 patients (104 suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis, 9--pulmonary cancer), entropy of the protein fractions of the blood serum was determined. It was established that in differential diagnosis of pulmonary cancer and tuberculosis, the determination of CEA, hydrocortisone and entropy of the protein fractions of the blood serum in the complex with the other methods were of significant importance, the determination of ACTH and ferritin content were less important.

[Radionuclide evaluation of the function of the operated kidneys]. / Radionuklidnaia otsenka sostoianiia operirovannykh pochek.

Altogether 68 patients were examined in early and late periods after operations on the kidneys. Function of the operated kidney was checked up by the results of two-indicator renal scintigraphy with 99mTc-DTPA and 131I-hippuran. When the kidney preserved its secretory capability and the suppression of organ function was caused by inhibited urine passage via the upper urinary tract, therapy aimed at the restoration of the kidney integrity and the elimination of the urine discharge obstruction, resulted in a rapid and complete recovery of all renal functions. Operative treatment of prolonged urological diseases complicated by chronic pyelonephritis, helped to accelerate secretory-excretory processes and slightly improved function of unchanged nephrons. A progressive decrease in the actively functioning parenchyma was recorded on scintigrams in 28% of the cases of the formation of the arteriosclerotic kidney. The authors found radionuclide investigations appropriate in the postoperative period not only in the development of complications and recurrences of urological diseases. Two-indicator renal scintigraphy with glomerulotropic and tubulotropic radiopharmaceuticals made it possible to give an objective assessment of the efficacy of surgical intervention.