Development of a core outcome set for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma trials: identification of core domains and outcomes.

BACKGROUND: The lack of uniformity in the outcomes reported in clinical studies of the treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) complicates efforts to compare treatment effectiveness across trials. OBJECTIVES: To develop a core outcome set (COS), a minimum set of agreed-upon outcomes to be measured in all clinical trials of a given disease or outcome, for the treatment of cSCC. METHODS: One hundred and nine outcomes were identified via a systematic literature review and interviews with 28 stakeholders. After consolidation of this long list, 55 candidate outcomes were rated by 19 physician and 10 patient stakeholders, in two rounds of Delphi exercises. Outcomes scored 'critically important' (score of 7, 8 or 9) by ≥ 70% of patients and ≥ 70% of physicians were provisionally included. At the consensus meeting, after discussion and voting of 44 international experts and patients, the provisional list was reduced to a final core set, for which consensus was achieved among all meeting participants. RESULTS: A core set of seven outcomes was finalized at the consensus meeting: (i) serious or persistent adverse events, (ii) patient-reported quality of life, (iii) complete response, (iv) partial response, (v) recurrence-free survival, (vi) progression-free survival and (vii) disease-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS: In order to increase the comparability of results across trials and to reduce selective reporting bias, cSCC researchers should consider reporting these core outcomes. Further work needs to be performed to identify the measures that should be reported for each of these outcomes.

Aging of the skin: implications for cutaneous surgery.

There are precious few benefits, save perhaps experience and wisdom, that those of advanced age may claim over those who continue to dwell in their youth. One somewhat paradoxical advantage, however, is the ability of older patients to apparently heal better than younger patients after cutaneous surgery. In older patients, the incision lines are less red, the scarring is less hypertrophic, and "normalization" of appearance occurs more rapidly. And yet, the "wrapping" does not necessarily reflect the contents of the "box." Unfavorable age-dependent alterations in the physical properties of the skin and the wound-healing cascade may affect the viability and structural integrity of the postoperative result. Surgery on the aged population must therefore couple the optimism for a pleasing aesthetic result with the caution reflecting a cutaneous substrate altered by the perturbations of time. This somewhat shaky balance, although not altogether understood, is worthy of study by the physician approaching the patient of advanced age.

Nasal reconstruction with the cheek island pedicle flap.

BACKGROUND: Reconstruction of the lower third of the nose can be challenging. Maintaining the nasal subunit symmetry and providing good tissue match with regard to color, sebaceous quality, and thickness is essential. For extensive defects in this area, paramedian forehead flaps are often considered. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to develop the technique of preparing and executing the cheek island pedicle flap, as well as to define the limitations and "pitfalls" of the flap. METHODS: The cheek island pedicle flap is described. RESULTS: The cheek island pedicle flap can provide excellent cosmetic results in reconstructing defects of the lower third of the nose. The flap dynamics are predictable, and anticipated complications are described. CONCLUSION: The cheek island pedicle flap provides an excellent alternative to the paramedian forehead flap for reconstruction of extensive defects of the lower third of the nose.

Conchal bowl skin grafting in nasal tip reconstruction: clinical and histologic evaluation.

BACKGROUND: It is often difficult to achieve an esthetically pleasing cosmetic match when full-thickness skin grafts from periclavicular, preauricular, or postauricular donor sites are used to repair distal nasal defects. This, in large part, is due to the highly sebaceous nature of the skin on the distal aspect of the nose. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to describe the benefits of using donor skin from the conchal bowl to repair defects of the nasal tip. METHODS: The technique of conchal bowl grafting is described. RESULTS: The conchal grafts give an excellent cosmetic result with respect to color and texture match and are time efficient because the donor site can be allowed to heal by secondary intention. CONCLUSION: The conchal bowl offers an esthetically reliable source of donor skin for full-thickness and perichondrial cutaneous grafts to repair defects of the nasal tip.