How are the processing and nutrient dimensions of foods interconnected? an issue of hierarchy based on three different food scores.

Worldwide, foods are scored with composition indices. However, processing scores are now emerging. The objective of this study was to study the interconnectedness of the degree of processing and composition for 28,747 industrially packaged foods (71.6% of ultra-processed foods, UPFs) representative of retail assortments. The Nutri-score and Traffic Light Labelling System (TLLS) were used to assess the composition, and the Siga index was used to assess the degree of processing. On average, the more nutritionally favourable Nutri-score and TLLS groups exhibited 56.5 and 50.0% UPFs, respectively. Among markers of ultra-processing non-additives mostly included added fat/sugar/fibre/vitamin, animal and/or plant protein isolates, and taste exhausters, while additives mostly included sweeteners and taste exhausters, suggesting that markers of ultra-processing (MUP) are added to foods to improve composition scores. In conclusion, both types of scores are not complementary as such but obey to a fundamental hierarchy: processing first, then composition if necessary.

Programa alivio del dolor por cáncer avanzado y cuidados paliativos, Llay-Llay, enero 2001-febrero 2004 / Pain relief and palliative care program for advanced cancer, Llay-Llay, January 2001-February 2004

El cáncer es una realidad presente en la población chilena que obliga al sistema de salud pública a implementar programas abocados a las distintas etapas clínicas del cáncer, entre éstos se encuentra el Programa Nacional de Alivio del Dolor por Cáncer y Cuidados Paliativos. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el funcionamiento de este programa en un hospital tipo IV, y establecer si existe cumplimiento de los objetivos propuesto por el Ministerio de Salud. Es un estudio descriptivo de 72 pacientes que se incorporaron al programa analizando variables como tiempo de estadía, disminución del dolor y tratamiento analgésico. El 38,% tiene conocimiento de su patología al ingreso. La mayoría (73,6% permaneció hasta 3 meses en el programa. Al ingreso del programa, el 62% ingresó con un EVA igual o superior a 4. En cambio, al egreso el 95,7% presentaba un EVA menor a 4. El 9,7% ingresó sin tratamiento analgésico, el 23,6% con tratamiento basado en AINES y el 66,7% utilizaba algún opiáceo. El 1,4% al fallecer no recibía ningún tratamiento analgésico. En cuanto a las prestaciones entregadas, existieron 4,7 consultas por mes. En cuanto a las visitas se realizaron 1,47 visitas por mes. Se efectuó un promedio de 1,35 talleres por persona. Este programa puesto en marcha desde 1997, proporciona las prestaciones suficientes para cumplir el principal objetivo propuesto que es disminuir el dolor en los pacientes ingresados y mejorar de esta forma su calidad de vida para lograr así una muerte digna y tranquila.

Cancer is a reality present in the Chilean popularion, a fact which compels the public health system to implement programs dealing with the different clinical stages of cancer, among them,the National Program for Pain Relief in Cancer and its Palliative Care. The aim of this study is that of evaluating the development of this program in a type IV hospital, and establishing whether the objectives propounded by the Ministry of Health are being observed. This is a descriptive study of 72 patients incorporated into the program, analyzing variables such as time of permanence, decrease of pain and analgesic treatment. A 38.9% of the patients were aware of their pathology upon entry. The majority (73.6%) remained in the program for as long as 3 months. Upon entry to the program, 62% had a visual-analogue scale (VAS) equal to 4 or higher. Upon departure, on the other hand, 95.7% had a VAS below 4. A 9.7% entered the program without analgesic treatment, 23.6% with treatment based on non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and 66.7% using some opiate. The deceased 1.4% received no analgesic treatment. As far as services delivered, there were 4.7 office visits per month. As far as outpatient visits are concerned, 1.47 visits took place per month. An average of 1.35 workshops per person were carried out. This program, which was started in 1997, provides adequate benefits to cover the main objective contemplated, which is that of diminishing pain to the incorporated patients, thus improving their quality of life to reach a worthy and peaceful death.