Efficacy of ultraviolet B radiation versus vitamin D3 on postural control and cognitive functions in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled study.

BACKGROUND: The relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is the most common type of MS with prevalence rate 20-60 patients/100.000 individuals in Egypt. Poor postural control and cognitive dysfunctions are well-established complications of RRMS without potent remedy yet. The latest evidence highlighted the potential and independent immune-modulating effects of vitamin D3 and ultraviolet radiation in the management of RRMS. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of broadband ultraviolet B radiation (UVBR) versus moderate loading dose of vitamin D3 supplementation in improving postural control and cognitive functions. DESIGN: Pretest-posttest randomized controlled study. SETTING: Multiple sclerosis outpatient unit of Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-seven patients with RRMS were recruited from both genders, yet only 40 completed the study. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomized into two groups: UVBR group involved 24 patients, received sessions for 4 weeks and vitamin D3 group involved 23 patients, took vitamin D3 supplementation (50 000 IU/week) for 12 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Overall balance system index (OSI) and symbol digit modalities test (SDMT). RESULTS: Highly significant decrease (P < 0.001) of the OSI in both groups post-treatment, indicating improved postural control. Moreover, highly significant improvement in the SDMT scores was noted, indicating information processing speed enhancement. Nonetheless, no statistically significant (P ≥ 0.05) differences were evident between the two groups post-treatment in all tested measures. CONCLUSION: Both therapeutic programs were statistically equal in improving postural control and cognitive functions. However, clinically, UVBR therapy was more convenient owing to its shorter treatment time and higher percentage of change for all tested measures.

The effect of ketogenic diet escalation in adolescents and adults with drug-resistant epilepsy: a prospective study.

BACKGROUND: Ketogenic diet (KD) is an accepted and effective treatment modality in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Different versions of ketogenic diets have been studied, however, the effect of ratio escalation in adolescence and adults has not been previously investigated. METHODS: The current open-labeled interventional study was conducted on 80 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy DRE, 40 patients (intervention group) were exposed to dietary intervention besides their regular antiseizure medication (ASM) and compared to 40 control patients. The intervention group received Ketogenic diet in 2:1 ratio for 1 month then were divided into 2 subgroups, group A1 continued the 2:1 ratio for another 2 months while group A2 escalated to 3:1 dietary regimen. Socio-demographic, anthropometric measurements, epilepsy clinical parameters, and laboratory tests were recorded in addition to safety and tolerability documentation. The response rate was recorded after 1month and 3month. RESULTS: Significant decrease in seizure frequency and severity were detected in Group A1 and A2 patients compared to controls after the 3 month period of intervention with significant improvement of quality of life scores in both subgroups. Both subgroups also showed comparable results regarding their response rate to KD. Better acceptance of diet taste were reported by subgroup A1 with a significantly higher lipid profile detected in subgroup A2. CONCLUSION: KD has a beneficial effect as adjunctive treatment in adolescents and adults with DRE. Escalation from 2:1 to 3:1 ratio is associated with less compliance rather than better response in patients with DRE.