Characterization and Anticancer Activities of Green Synthesized CuO Nanoparticles, A Review.

BACKGROUND: Cancer is defined as an abnormal/uncontrolled cell growth that shows rapid cell division. This disease is annually recognized in more than ten million people. Nanomaterials can be used as new strategies for cancer therapy. Nanostructured devices have been developed for drug delivery and controlled release and created novel anticancer chemotherapies. Nanomaterials were taken into consideration because of their new properties, containing a large specific surface area and high reactivity. Copper Oxide Nanoparticles (CuONPs) have potential applications in many fields like heterogeneous catalysis, antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant, antifungal, antiviral, imaging agents, and drug delivery agents in biomedicine. CuONPs display different physical properties, such as high-temperature superconductivity, electron correlation effects, and spin dynamics. NPs can be synthesized using different methods like physical, chemical, and biological methods. METHODS: Copper Oxide Nanoparticles (CuONPs) have been suggested for its broad usage in biomedical applications. In this review, we tried to exhibit the results of significant anticancer activity of green synthesized CuONPs and their characterization by different analytical techniques such as UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, EDAX, DLS, SEM, and TEM. RESULTS: The green method for the synthesis of CuO nanoparticles as eco-friendly, cost-effective, and facile method is the more effective method. Synthesized CuONPs from this method have an appropriate size and shape. The Green synthesized CuONPs exhibited high potential against several breast cancer (AMJ-13, MCF-7, and HBL-100 cell lines), cervical cancer (HeLa), colon cancer (HCT-116), gastric cancer (human adenocarcinoma AGS cell line), lung cancer (A549), leukemia cancer, and other cancers with the main toxicity approach of increasing ROS production. CONCLUSION: The present review confirms the importance of green synthesized CuO nanoparticles in medical science especially cancer therapy that exhibited high activity against different cancer, both in vitro and in vivo. The main toxicity approach of CuONPs is increasing the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). It needs to perform more studies about in vivo cancer therapy and following clinical trial testing in the future. We believe that green synthesized CuO nanoparticles can be used for the improvement of different diseases.

Highly Concentrated Multifunctional Silver Nanoparticle Fabrication through Green Reduction of Silver Ions in Terms of Mechanics and Therapeutic Potentials.

BACKGROUND: Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is limited to produce AgNPs with only relatively low concentrations, and is unsuitable for large-scale productions. The use of Myrtus communis (MC) leaf methanolic extract (rich in hydrolyzable tannins) has been recommended to resolve the issues related to the aggregation of nanoparticles at high concentrations of silver ions with added facet of antioxidant properties. METHODS: The produced highly concentrated MC-AgNPs were characterized by using imaging and spectroscopic methods. Subsequently, antioxidant, anticancer and antifungal activities of the nanoparticles were evaluated. RESULTS: The thermogravimetric analysis and energy dispersive spectroscopy quantitative results suggested that the nanoparticles are biphasic in nature (bio-molecule + Ag0) and layered in structure, suggesting the formation of nanoparticles through a different mechanism than those described in the literature. MC-AgNPs showed greater scavenging activity of nitric oxide and iron (II) chelating ability than the extract. It also showed good reducing power compared to the standard antioxidant. Remarkable anticancer activity of MC-AgNPs (IC50 = 5.99µg/mL) was found against HCT-116 (human colon carcinoma) cell lines after 24h exposure with a therapeutic index value 2-fold higher than the therapeutic index of standard doxorubicin. Furthermore, distinct antifungal activity (MIC = 4µg/mL) was found against Candida krusei. CONCLUSION: The current method outperforms the existing methods because it produces a large amount of multifunctional nanoscale hybrid materials more efficiently using natural sources; thus, it may be used for diverse biomedical applications.

Engineered Silver Nanoparticles, A New Nanoweapon Against Cancer.

New modifications in nanoparticles changed their applications obviously. Green synthesis of nanoparticles and their biomedical utilizations have been the focus of increasing attention in recent years. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) demonstrated surprising effects and many advantageous features for cancer therapy. Investigations indicated the anticancer activity of AgNPs in different ways, comprising cell cycle arrest, DNA damaging and apoptosis, alteration of P53 function, up/down regulation of some important cytokine genes and so on. But some key inquiries like the ability to control the accidental effects of AgNPs, or encompassing process for parcels, which reduces the toxicological profile of nanoparticles, still remained. "Green synthesis" of nanoparticles has been shown to be a kind of approach to resolve the toxicity amounts in a range of 10-18 times. Using distinctive properties of this approach, i.e. as green synthesized silver nanoparticles (G-AgNPs), in order to raise potential therapeutic efficacy, even up to two-fold higher than cis-platin, is going to play a crucial role in cancer treatment and could be considered as a new insight in this field. The current review focuses on the antioxidant activity of G-AgNPs and potential impacts on cancer cells.