RESUMO
No disponible
Assuntos
Humanos , Immunoblotting , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite C/sangue , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite C/imunologia , Hepatite C/diagnósticoRESUMO
Aunque las vacunas víricas han contribuido notablemente al desarrollo social durante el último siglo y medio, muchos datos indican que los grupos que se oponen a su uso han logrado incidir negativamente sobre las coberturas vacunales en los últimos años, haciendo rebrotar en los países desarrollados ciertas enfermedades que ya se hallaban al borde de la eliminación e incluso provocando indirectamente algunas muertes que podrían haberse evitado. Respondiendo al llamamiento de muchos salubristas preocupados por esta deriva social, el presente artículo pretende difundir información veraz sobre la trascendencia real de las enfermedades que combaten las vacunas víricas, sobre algunos conceptos que ayuden a enjuiciar correctamente su eficacia y su seguridad y sobre las consecuencias que derivan del rechazo a las vacunas incluidas por la autoridad sanitaria en los calendarios de vacunación, tanto para las personas como para la comunidad
Although viral vaccines have contributed noticeably to social development during the past century and a half, there are many data that point to the fact that those groups opposing their use have achieved a negative impact on vaccination coverage during the past years, leading to a new outbreak in developed countries of certain diseases that were on the brink of elimination, and even being the indirect cause of some deaths that could have been prevented. Answering to the call by many health professionals concerned by this social drift, this article intends to provide truthful information on the real importance of those diseases fought against by viral vaccines, about some concepts that help to judge adequately their efficacy and safety, and about the consequences caused by the rejection of those vaccines included by health authorities in vaccination schedules, both for persons and for the community
Assuntos
Humanos , Vacinas Virais , Viroses/prevenção & controle , Educação em Saúde/tendências , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis/métodos , Segurança do Paciente , Recusa do Paciente ao Tratamento/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
No disponible
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Surtos de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Erradicação de Doenças/métodos , Erradicação de Doenças/organização & administração , Erradicação de Doenças/normas , Saúde Pública/métodos , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Microbiologia/normas , Microbiologia/tendênciasRESUMO
In the strictest sense, the term "viral hepatitis" includes a series of clinical conditions of infectious origin caused by five phylogenetically unrelated human viruses that have developed specific tropism to hepatocytes. In a broader sense, it also includes acute liver diseases due to infection by other viruses that do not display specific liver tropism, but may produce liver disease as a complication of the infection. Hepatitis B and C viruses have, in addition, developed strategies that allow them to establish long-lasting, chronic infections in some patients. Chronic viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and primary liver cancer are the main clinical outcomes of these phenomena of viral persistence, which respond to two main mechanisms: induction of immune tolerance in the host, and emergence and selection of viral mutants that are able to escape the immune response.
Assuntos
Hepatite Viral Humana , Genótipo , Vírus da Hepatite A/genética , Vírus da Hepatite A/patogenicidade , Vírus da Hepatite B/genética , Vírus da Hepatite B/patogenicidade , Vírus Delta da Hepatite/genética , Vírus Delta da Hepatite/patogenicidade , Vírus da Hepatite E/genética , Vírus da Hepatite E/patogenicidade , Hepatite Viral Humana/epidemiologia , Hepatite Viral Humana/etiologia , Hepatite Viral Humana/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Espanha/epidemiologiaRESUMO
En sentido estricto, las hepatitis víricas constituyen un conjunto de patologías de origen infeccioso causadas por cinco virus humanos filogenéticamente alejados que han coincidido en desarrollar un acusado tropismo hacia los hepatocitos. En sentido más amplio, el término incluye también las hepatitis agudas por infección por otros virus que no son típicamente hepatotropos, pero que pueden originar esa enfermedad como una complicación de la infección primaria aguda, de la misma forma que originan otras. Los virus de la hepatitis B y C han desarrollado estrategias de persistencia que les permiten establecer infecciones crónicas en un cierto porcentaje de los individuos a los que infectan. La hepatitis vírica crónica, la cirrosis hepática y el carcinoma hepatocelular primario son las principales consecuencias clínicas de esos fenómenos de persistencia viral, que responden a dos mecanismos principales: la inducción de inmunotolerancia y la emergencia y selección de mutantes de escape a la respuesta inmunitaria (AU)
In the strictest sense, the term "viral hepatitis" includes a series of clinical conditions of infectious origin caused by five phylogenetically unrelated human viruses that have developed specific tropism to hepatocytes. In a broader sense, it also includes acute liver diseases due to infection by other viruses that do not display specific liver tropism, but may produce liver disease as a complication of the infection. Hepatitis B and C viruses have, in addition, developed strategies that allow them to establish long-lasting, chronic infections in some patients. Chronic viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and primary liver cancer are the main clinical outcomes of these phenomena of viral persistence, which respond to two main mechanisms: induction of immune tolerance in the host, and emergence and selection of viral mutants that are able to escape the immune response (AU)
