RESUMO
Resumen La poliarteritis nodosa sistémica de inicio en la infancia es una vasculitis caracterizada por inflamación y necrosis fibrinoide de las arterias de mediano y pequeño calibre, con cuadro clínico extraordinariamente variable y dependiente de la localización histológica de la lesión. Su compromiso cardiaco constituye un comportamiento infrecuente en pediatría, por lo que se considera de interés presentar el caso de un escolar de 8 años, determinado por compromiso hemodinámico secundario a derrame pericárdico, disfunción sistólica grave y múltiples dilataciones aneurismáticas, que permite establecer la sospecha de vasculitis de vasos pequeños y medianos. Se realiza un diagnóstico oportuno gracias al cual se evitan complicaciones potencialmente mortales y se instaura un tratamiento con buena respuesta a corto, mediano y largo plazo.
Abstract Systemic polyarteritis nodosa of childhood onset is a vasculitis characterized by inflammation and fibrinoid necrosis in the medium and small-caliber arteries, with an extraordinarily variable clinical picture and dependent on the histological location of the lesion. His cardiac involvement constitutes an infrequent behavior in pediatrics, so it is considered of interest to present the case of an 8-year-old schoolboy, characterized by hemodynamic compromise secondary to pericardial effusion, severe systolic dysfunction, and multiple aneurysmal dilatations that establish the suspicion of vasculitis. small and medium glasses. A timely diagnosis is made avoiding life-threatening complications and allowing to establish a treatment with a good response in the short, medium and long term.
RESUMO
Background: The synchronized activity of distributed neural assemblies reflected in the electroencephalogram (EEG) underpins mental function. In schizophrenia, modulation deficits of EEG spectral content during a P300 task have been replicated. The effects of treatment, chronicity and specificity in these deficits and their possible relationship with anatomic connectivity remain to be explored. Methods: We assessed spectral entropy modulation of the EEG during a P300 task in 79 patients with schizophrenia (of those, 31 werein their first episode), 29 patients with bipolar disorder and 48 healthy controls. Spectral entropy values summarize EEG characteristics by quantifying the irregularity of spectral content. In a subsample, we calculated the network architecture of structural connectivity using diffusion tensor imaging and graph-theory parameters. Results: We found significant spectral entropy modulation deficits with task performance in patients with chronic or first-episode schizophrenia and in patients with bipolar disorder, without significant pre-stimulus spectral entropy differences. The deficits were unrelated to treatment doses, and spectral entropy modulation did not differ between patients taking or not taking antipsychotics, lithium, benzodiazepines or antidepressants. Structural connectivity values were unrelated to spectral entropy modulation. In patients with schizophrenia, spectral entropy modulation was inversely related to negative symptoms and directly related to verbal memory. Limitations: All patients were taking medication. Patients with bipolar disorder were euthymic and chronic. The cross-sectional nature of this study prevented a more thorough analysis of state versus trait criteria for spectral entropy changes. Conclusion: Spectral entropy modulation with task performance is decreased in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. This deficit was not an effect of psychopharmacological treatment or structural connectivity and might reflect a deficit in the synchronization of the neural assemblies that underlie cognitive activity.
