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1.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 16(62): 135-144, abr.-jun. 2014. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-125010

RESUMO

Introducción: los hábitos alimentarios adquiridos en la edad escolar son el molde que se reproducirá en la edad adulta. La merienda debe constituir el 15-20% de las calorías diarias, y es una buena oportunidad para administrar frutas, lácteos y cereales. Objetivo: conocer los hábitos alimentarios en la merienda de niños escolares entre 6 y 12 años. Material y métodos: evaluación de los hábitos de merienda de los niños de 6-12 años en un colegio de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid. Se realizó una encuesta a los niños sobre los hábitos en la merienda de los tres últimos días. Los resultados se analizaron en el programa SPSS®. Resultados: se analizaron 214 encuestas, 104 pertenecientes a niñas y 107 a niños. El 76% de los niños merienda todos los días. Este porcentaje disminuye hasta un 28 y un 20% en los niños de 11 y 12 años, respectivamente. El 60-69% refiere comer un bocadillo o sándwich; un 49%, fruta, y un 38,5%, bollería industrial. En cuanto a los lácteos, el 94% ingiere algún tipo de lácteo; sin embargo, el 76% lo había ingerido en forma de batidos, natillas o flanes. El 48% de los niños acompañó con agua su merienda, mientras que el 70,1% lo hizo con zumos envasados. Conclusiones: hay que hacer hincapié en los alimentos ofertados en la merienda, estableciendo medidas orientadas a recomendar más frutas frescas en lugar de zumos envasados, de lácteos en forma de leche/yogur en lugar de batidos y flanes, y evitar el consumo de bollería (AU)


Introduction: dietary habits acquired at school age are the cast to be played in adulthood. The afternoon snack should provide 15-20% of daily calories and it's a good opportunity to manage fruit, milk and cereals. Objective: to know the afternoon snack habits in schoolchildren between 6 and 12 years old. Methods: assessment of afternoon snack habits in children aged 6-12 years old in a school in Madrid. A survey on afternoon snack habits in the last 3 days was conducted to children. The results were analyzed in SPSS(R). Results: a total of 214 surveys were analyzed, 104 girls and 107 boys. Children having an afternoon snack every day were 76%, decreasing to 28 to 20% in children aged 11 and 12 years old respectively. It consisted of bread or sandwich in 60-69%, fruit 49% and industrial bakery 38.5%. As for milk, 94% had some type of dairy product; however 76% had it in the form of shakes, custards or puddings. A rate of 48% of children drink water, while 70.1% drink packaged juices. Conclusions: measures to establish a change in the type of snack seem necessary, recommending the consumption of fresh fruit instead of packaged juices, milk or yoghurt instead of shakes, custards and puddings, and avoiding the consumption of pastries


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Comportamento Alimentar/classificação , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Dieta Mediterrânea/estatística & dados numéricos , Alimentos Integrais , Promoção da Saúde Alimentar e Nutricional , Promoção da Saúde , Programas Gente Saudável
4.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 65(4): 192-195, abr. 2007. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-053707

RESUMO

Presentamos un caso de tuberculosis pulmonary en un lactante de mes y medio de edad que ingresa por presentar un cuadro clínico respiratorio progresivo, fiebre y rechazo al alimento. La radiografía de tórax pone de manifiesto un aumento de densidad en la región posterior de hemitórax izquierda, que ejerce un 'efecto masa' en el mediastino posterior. Se muestran las características de esa imagen; se establece el diagnóstico diferencial de las masas localizadas en el mediastino posterior; se destaca la radiografía de tórax como una prueba muy sensible para el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis pulmonar; por último, se señala la pauta de actuación ante una imagen de estas características, así como la importancia en pediatría de ciertas técnicas consideradas agresivas, como la fibrobroncoscopia, pero que en realidad son pruebas sencillas y con una gran productividad diagnóstica y terapéutica


We present a case of pulmonary tuberculosis in a month-and-a-half-old infant who was admitted to the hospital with progressive respiratory problems, fever and food refusal. Chest radiography revealed evidence of increased density in the posterior region of left hemithorax, causing a 'mass effect' in posterior mediastinum. The features of this image are shown, and the authors discuss the differential diagnosis of masses localized inposterior mediastinum, stressing the fact ches radiography is a highly sensitive technique for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Finally, the y point out the approach that should be adopted in the case of images with these features, as well as the importance in pediatrics of certain techniques, such as fiberoptic bronchoscopy, that are considered to be aggressive but, in reality, are simple tests with a high diagnostic and therapeutic yield


Assuntos
Masculino , Lactente , Humanos , Tuberculose Pulmonar , Radiografia Torácica , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Broncoscopia
5.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 65(2): 82-83, feb. 2007. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-053120

RESUMO

La asociación de la tríada oligofrenia, ictiosis congénita e hipogonadismo constituye el síndrome de Rud, entidad con muy pocos casos en la literatura médica mundial. Se han descrito en estos pacientes otras alteraciones menos frecuentes, como crisis convulsivas, epilepsia, talla baja, retinitis pigmentosa, polineuropatía hipertrófica o sordera neurosensorial. Forma parte de los denominados síndromes neurocutáneos queratósicos, junto con otros mejor definidos, como el síndrome de Sjögren-Larson o la enfermedad de Refsum. Se expone el caso de un paciente de 13 años de edad, con criterios clínicos compatibles con el síndrome de Rud, que asocia una agenesia renal unilateral y un sarcoma de partes blandas


The triad of oligophrenia, congenital ictiosis and hypogonadism constitutes Rud´s syndrome, and entity that is rarely reported in the world medical literature. Other less common festures such as seizures, epilepsy, short stature, retinitis pigmentosa, hypertrophic plyneuropathy or neurosensory hearing loss have also been reported in these patients. Rud´s syndrome is one of the so-called keratotic neurocutaneous syndromes, which include other better defined entities such as Sjögren-Larsson syndrome and Refsum disease. We report the case of a 13-years-old boy who met the clinical criteria for Rud´s syndrome, which was associated with unilateral renal agenesis and the development of a soft tissue sarcoma


Assuntos
Masculino , Criança , Humanos , Mucopolissacaridose III/complicações , Ictiose/complicações , Ceratose/complicações , Ceratose/cirurgia , Hipogonadismo/complicações , Hipogonadismo/diagnóstico , Nanismo/complicações , Biópsia/métodos , Sarcoma de Células Claras/complicações , Sarcoma de Células Claras/diagnóstico , Anormalidades Múltiplas/genética , Sarcoma/complicações , Ceratose/diagnóstico , Sarcoma/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Crescimento/genética , Hiperbilirrubinemia/complicações , Hiperbilirrubinemia/diagnóstico , Deficiência Intelectual/complicações
6.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 64(2): 153-7, 2006 Feb.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16527068

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Perianal dermatitis due to group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus is a rare diagnosis in pediatrics. Clinical manifestations include erythema, edema, and perianal pruritus associated with vulvovaginitis or balanitis, painful defecation, constipation, anal fissures, purulent discharge, and/or rectal bleeding. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive, observational, prospective study was conducted between May, 2004 and April, 2005. In children presenting to the emergency room with erythema, edema, and perianal pruritus, a rapid streptococcal antigen test and bacterial cultures of their perianal secretions were obtained. Patients with a positive result in the rapid test were treated with oral phenoxymethylpenicillin (40-50 mg/kg/day) for 10 days, after which clinical and bacteriological evaluations were conducted. RESULTS: Of the 24 patients presenting with erythema, edema, and perianal pruritus, 19 patients (12 boys and 7 girls), aged between 6 months and 4 years (median age: 30 months), tested positive for group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. Nine patients also presented with constipation, 5 with anal fissures, 4 with rectal bleeding, 2 with vulvovaginitis, and 1 with streptococcal pharyngoamygdalitis. Outcome was favorable in 85 % of the patients, and perianal isolation of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus was negative after treatment in 95 %. CONCLUSIONS: In patients presenting with erythema, edema, and perianal pruritus, perianal streptococcal dermatitis should be ruled out. The rapid test for streptococcal antigen detection is a quick and reliable method for this diagnosis. The antibiotic of choice is oral penicillin.


Assuntos
Dermatite/microbiologia , Prurido Anal/microbiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/diagnóstico , Streptococcus pyogenes/isolamento & purificação , Doenças do Ânus/microbiologia , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos
7.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 64(2): 153-157, feb. 2006. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-043755

RESUMO

Introducción: La dermatitis perianal causada por estreptococo betahemolítico del grupo A (SBHGA) es un diagnóstico poco frecuente en pediatría. Clínicamente cursa con eritema, edema y prurito perianal, y puede asociar vulvovaginitis o balanitis, dolor a la defecación, estreñimiento, fisuras perianales, secreción purulenta y/o rectorragia. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo, observacional y prospectivo realizado entre los meses de mayo de 2004 y abril de 2005. En los niños que acudieron a urgencias por eritema, edema y/o prurito perianal se realizó una prueba rápida de detección de antígeno estreptocócico y un cultivo bacteriano de secreciones perianales. Aquellos casos con determinación rápida positiva fueron tratados con fenoximetilpenicilina oral (40-50 mg/kg/día) durante 10 días, y al finalizar el tratamiento se efectuó un control clínico y bacteriológico del paciente. Resultados: De los 24 casos analizados que acudieron por eritema, edema y/o prurito perianal, un total de 19 pacientes (12 niños y 7 niñas) con edades comprendidas entre los 6 meses y los 4 años (media: 30 meses) presentaron determinación positiva para SBHGA. Un total de 9 casos asociaban estreñimiento, cinco fisuras perianales, cuatro rectorragia, dos vulvovaginitis y uno faringoamigdalitis estreptocócica. El 85 % de los pacientes evolucionaron favorablemente, y tras el tratamiento se negativizó el aislamiento perianal de SBHGA en el 90 % de los casos. Conclusiones: En aquellos pacientes que presenten eritema, edema y/o prurito perianal se ha de descartar dermatitis perianal estreptocócica. La prueba rápida de detección de antígeno estreptocócico es un método rápido y fiable para su diagnóstico. El tratamiento antibiótico de elección es la penicilina oral


Introduction: Perianal dermatitis due to group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus is a rare diagnosis in pediatrics. Clinical manifestations include erythema, edema, and perianal pruritus associated with vulvovaginitis or balanitis, painful defecation, constipation, anal fissures, purulent discharge, and/or rectal bleeding. Material and methods: A descriptive, observational, prospective study was conducted between May, 2004 and April, 2005. In children presenting to the emergency room with erythema, edema, and perianal pruritus, a rapid streptococcal antigen test and bacterial cultures of their perianal secretions were obtained. Patients with a positive result in the rapid test were treated with oral phenoxymethylpenicillin (40-50 mg/kg/day) for 10 days, after which clinical and bacteriological evaluations were conducted. Results: Of the 24 patients presenting with erythema, edema, and perianal pruritus, 19 patients (12 boys and 7 girls), aged between 6 months and 4 years (median age: 30 months), tested positive for group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. Nine patients also presented with constipation, 5 with anal fissures, 4 with rectal bleeding, 2 with vulvovaginitis, and 1 with streptococcal pharyngoamygdalitis. Outcome was favorable in 85 % of the patients, and perianal isolation of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus was negative after treatment in 95 %. Conclusions: In patients presenting with erythema, edema, and perianal pruritus, perianal streptococcal dermatitis should be ruled out. The rapid test for streptococcal antigen detection is a quick and reliable method for this diagnosis. The antibiotic of choice is oral penicillin


Assuntos
Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Dermatite/microbiologia , Prurido Anal/microbiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/diagnóstico , Streptococcus pyogenes/isolamento & purificação , Doenças do Ânus/microbiologia , Estudos Prospectivos
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