Extract of Calyces from Physalis peruviana Reduces Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder mainly characterized by obesity, hyperglycemia, altered lipid profile, oxidative stress, and vascular compromise. Physalis peruviana is a plant used in traditional Colombian medicine for its known activities of glucose regulation. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of the butanol fraction from an extract of Physalis peruviana calyces in two doses (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) in induced type 2 diabetic mice. Blood glucose levels were evaluated once a week, demonstrating that a dose of 100 mg/kg resulted in greater regulation of blood glucose levels in mice throughout the experiment. The same overall result was found for the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA- IR). The lipid profile exhibited improvement compared to the non-treated group, a dose of 100 mg/kg having greater protection against oxidative stress (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde levels). Histopathological findings in several tissues showed structure preservation in most of the animals treated. The butanol fraction from Physalis peruviana at 100 mg/kg showed beneficial results in improving hyperglycemia, lipidemia, and oxidative stress status, and can therefore be considered a beneficial coadjuvant in the therapy of diabetes mellitus.

Matrix Effects of the Hydroethanolic Extract of Calyces of Physalis peruviana L. on Rutin Pharmacokinetics in Wistar Rats Using Population Modeling.

Rutin is the rutinose conjugate of quercetin. It presents several biological activities and is the major flavonoid in the hydroalcoholic extract of the calyces of Physalis peruviana L. It also shows hypoglycemic activity after oral administration. The aim of this work was to study the matrix effects of the extract from P. peruviana calyces on the pharmacokinetics of rutin and its metabolites in Wistar rats, using non-compartmental and population pharmacokinetic analyses. A pharmacokinetic study was performed after intravenous and oral administration of different doses of pure rutin and the extract. In the non-compartmental analysis, it was found that rutin from the extract exhibited higher distribution and clearance, as well as an 11-fold increase in the bioavailability of its active metabolites. A population pharmacokinetic model was also carried out with two compartments, double absorption and linear elimination, in which the extract and the doses were the covariates involved. This model correctly described the differences observed between rutin as a pure compound and rutin from the extract, including the dose dependency.

Matrix effects of the hydroethanolic extract and the butanol fraction of calyces from Physalis peruviana L. on the biopharmaceutics classification of rutin.

OBJECTIVES: The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) categorizes active pharmaceutical ingredients according to their solubility and permeability properties, which are susceptible to matrix or formulation effects. The aim of this research was to evaluate the matrix effects of a hydroethanolic extract of calyces from Physalis peruviana L. (HEE) and its butanol fraction (BF), on the biopharmaceutics classification of their major compound, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin, RU). METHODS: Rutin was quantified by HPLC-UV, and Caco-2 cell monolayer transport studies were performed to obtain the apparent permeability values (Papp ). Aqueous solubility was determined at pH 6.8 and 7.4. KEY FINDINGS: The Papp values followed this order: BF > HEE > RU (1.77 ± 0.02 > 1.53 ± 0.07 > 0.90 ± 0.03 × 10-5  cm/s). The lowest solubility values followed this order: HEE > RU > BF (2.988 ± 0.07 > 0.205 ± 0.002 > 0.189 ± 0.005 mg/ml). CONCLUSIONS: According to these results, rutin could be classified as BCS classes III (high solubility/low permeability) and IV (low solubility/low permeability), depending on the plant matrix. Further work needs to be done in order to establish how apply the BCS for research and development of new botanical drugs or for bioequivalence purposes.

Representaciones sociales de adolescentes del municipio de Pereira frente a la práctica de lactancia materna / Social representations of adolescents in Pereira in front of the practice of breastfeeding

Objetivo: Comprender las representaciones sociales que construyen tres grupos de adolescentes de Pereira, frente a la práctica de la lactancia materna. MetodologíaEstudio de corte cualitativo con enfoque de teoría fundamentada. Se conformaron tres grupos focales: 9 adolescentes escolarizadas que no habían tenido la experiencia de la gestación ni de la lactancia, 12 adolescentes gestantes y 6 adolescentes lactantes con recién nacidos entre los tres y seis meses. Se eligieron algunas participantes para la realización de entrevistas en profundidad. Los datos fueron agrupados en tres categorías: La lactancia materna desde la perspectiva de las emociones, herramientas para el afrontamiento y orientación de la conducta. ResultadosLas adolescentes describen una mujer lactante bajo la dimensión afectiva con calificativos de amor, paciencia y cariño. Uno de los factores que en lo emocional impacta la práctica de la lactancia, son los sentimientos de pudor y pena que las coarta para amamantar en lugares públicos. La familia tiene una representación social positiva desde el acompañamiento en su dimensión afectiva y cognoscitiva. Las adolescentes aducen como causa de deserción de la lactancia la baja producción de leche, debido al desconocimiento en la técnica de amamantamiento y la deficiente información o manejo inadecuado de horarios por parte de las instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud. Recomendación La lactancia materna es una práctica que requiere de apoyo para fortalecer las capacidades de afrontamiento el cual puede partir de actores claves comunitarios que tienen reconocimiento en el barrio o sector, entrenados para superar barreras de tipo físico o psicológico.

ObjectiveTo understand the social representations that three groups of adolescents from Pereira construct in front of the practice of breastfeeding. Methodology Qualitative study with a supported theory approach; 3 focus groups were formed: 9 schooled teenagers who had not had the experience of pregnancy nor lactation, 12 pregnant adolescents, and 6 adolescents lactating infants between three to six months old. Some participants were chosen to conduct in-depth interviews. The data was grouped into three categories: Breastfeeding from the perspective of emotions, tools for coping with this situation, and behavior guidance. Results Adolescents describe a lactating woman under the affective dimension with descriptions of love, patience and care. One of the factors that emotionally impacts the practice of breastfeeding, are the feelings of embarrassment and shame that restricts them to breastfeed in public places. The family has a positive social representation in the accompanying of their affective and cognitive dimension. Adolescents allege as a cause of quitting breastfeeding the low milk production, due to ignorance in the art of breastfeeding and inadequate information or inadequate management of schedules by the institutions providing health services. Recommendation Breastfeeding is a practice that requires support to strengthen coping skills which may start from community stakeholders who have recognition in the neighborhood or sector, trained to overcome barriers of physical or psychological type.