Characterization of Calotropis gigantiea plant leaves biomass-based bioplasticizers for biofilm applications.

The present surge in environmental consciousness has pushed for the use of biodegradable plasticizers, which are sustainable and abundant in plant resources. As a result of their biocompatibility and biodegradability, Calotropis gigantiea leaf plasticizers (CLP) serve as viable alternatives to chemical plasticizers. First time, the natural plasticizers from the Calotropis leaves were extracted for this study using a suitable chemical approach that was also environmentally friendly. The XRD results showed a reduced crystallinity index of 20.2 % and a crystalline size of 5.3 nm, respectively. TGA study revealed that the CLP has good thermal stability (244 °C). Through FT-IR study, the existence of organic compounds in CLP can be investigated by key functional groups such as alcohol, amine, amide, hydrocarbon, alkene, aromatic, etc. Further the presence of alcoholic, amino, and carboxyl constituents was confirmed by UV investigation. SEM, EDAX analysis, and AFM are used to examine the surface morphology of the isolated plasticizer. SEM pictures reveal rough surfaces on the CLP surface pores, which makes them suitable for plasticizing new bioplastics with improved mechanical properties. Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), a biodegradable polymer matrix, was used to investigate the plasticization impact after the macromolecules were characterised. The biofilm PBAT/CLP had a thickness of 0.8 mm. In addition, the reinforcement interface was examined using scanning electron microscopy. When CLP is loaded differently in PBAT, the tensile strength and young modulus change from 15.30 to 24.60 MPa and from 137 to 168 MPa, respectively. CLP-reinforced films demonstrated better surface compatibility and enhanced flexibility at a loading of 2 % when compared to pure PBAT films. Considering several documented characteristics, CLP may prove to be an excellent plasticizer for resolving environmental issues in the future.

Isolation and characterization of novel bioplasticizers from rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) petals and its suitability investigation for poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) biofilm applications.

The current growing environmental awareness has forced the use of biodegradable plasticizers, which are sustainable and abundant in plant resources. Rose petal plasticizers (RPP) act as an actual substitute for chemical plasticizers in this situation as they are biocompatible and biodegradable. Chemical procedures like amination, alkalization, and surface catalysis are used to extract the natural emollients from rose petals. XRD, FT-IR, and UV studies were used to understand the characteristics of the rose petal plasticizer. Based on the XRD data, the RPP's crystallinity size (CS) and crystallinity index (CI) values were determined to be 9.36 nm and 23.87%, respectively. The surface morphology of the isolated plasticizer is investigated using SEM, EDAX analysis and AFM. RPP surface pores with rough surfaces are visible in SEM images, which make them appropriate for plasticizing novel bioplastics with superior mechanical qualities. The plasticizer's heat degradation behaviour is investigated using thermogravimetric and differential thermogram analysis curves. Following the characterization of the synthesised molecules, the plasticization effect was examined using a biodegradable polymer matrix called poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT). The reinforcement interface was also examined using scanning electron microscopy analysis. RPP-reinforced films demonstrated greater flexibility and superior surface compatibility at a 5% loading compared to PBAT-only films. Based on a number of reported features, RPP could be a great plasticizer to address future environmental problems.

Synthesis, antibacterial studies, and molecular modeling studies of 3,4-dihydropyrimidinone compounds.

The syntheses of dihydropyrimidinones (DHPMs) using solvent-free grindstone chemistry method. All the synthesized compounds exhibited significant activity against pathogenic bacteria. The current effort has been developed to obtain new DHPM derivatives that focus on the bacterial ribosomal A site RNA as a drug target. Molecular docking simulation analysis was applied to confirm the target specificity of DHPMs. The crystal structure of bacterial 16S rRNA and human 40S rRNA was taken as receptors for docking. Finally, the docking score, binding site interaction analysis revealed that DHPMs exhibit more specificity towards 16S rRNA than known antibiotic amikacin. Accordingly, targeting the bacterial ribosomal A site RNA with potential drug leads promises to overcome the bacterial drug resistance. Even though, anti-neoplastic activities of DHPMs were also predicted through prediction of activity spectra for substances (PASS) tool. Further, the results establish that the DHPMs can serve as perfect leads against bacterial drug resistance.

Synthesis of 2,6-dicarbethoxy-3,5-diaryltetrahydro-1,4-thiazine-1,1-dioxide derivatives as potent anticonvulsant agents.

An efficient synthesis of 2,6-dicarbethoxy-3,5-diaryltetrahydro-1,4-thiazine-1,1-dioxide derivatives has been achieved under aqueous medium for the first time in good to excellent yields. All the synthesized compounds were tested for anticonvulsant activity using the maximal electroshock (MES), subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) screens, which are the most broadly employed seizure models for early identification of candidate anticonvulsants. Their neurotoxicity was determined applying the rotarod test. Seven compounds 4a, 4d, 4f, 4h, 4o, 4p and 4q showed promising anticonvulsant activities in both models employed for anticonvulsant evaluation. The most active compound 4d showed the MES-induced seizures with ED50 value of 10.2 mg/kg and TD50 value of 288.6 mg/kg after intraperitoneal injection to mice, which provided compound 4d with a protective index (TD50/ED50) of 28.3 in the MES test.

A new prenylated acetophenone from the root bark of Derris indica.

A new acetophenone, 1-[2,4-dihydroxy-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenyl]ethanone (1) was isolated from the root bark of Derris indica, along with 3,7,-dimethoxy-3',4'-methylenedioxyflavone (desmethoxykanugin) (2), 5-methoxyfurano[4",5":6,7]flavone (pinnatin) (3), and 3'-hydroxyfurano[4",5":7,8]flavone (pongol) (4). The structures of these compounds were established by means of chemical and spectral studies. The occurrence of this prenylated acetophenone in D. indica is of biogenetic and chemotaxonomic significance.