Synthesis of novel heteroleptic delocalised cationic pyrazole gold complexes as potent HepG2 cytotoxic agents.

A new series of cationic gold(i) pyrazole complexes were prepared in excellent yields as their perchlorate salts. Results of cell viability assays show that these novel complexes have good cytotoxic properties against the human HepG2 cancer cell line. These complexes showed promising anti-cancer activities and to our knowledge, pyrazoles have never been tested against this cell line. The regioselectivity of the complexation is also discussed in regards to the substitution pattern of the pyrazoles.

Investigation of the reductive cleavage of BINAP and application to the rapid synthesis of phospholes.

A rapid and easy entry into λ(3)-phospholes and λ(4)-phosphole oxides derived from BINAP is reported herein featuring a variety of C and Si substituents and functional groups, as well the investigative work on the mechanistic pathway. DFT calculations using B3LYP functionals have been carried out to rationalize the mechanism. The observed experimental (31)P resonance shifts were compared with the calculated shifts of the proposed intermediates after calibration of the shielding tensors. The calculations included the use of polarizable continuum models to take into account solvent effects and were found to be in excellent agreement, providing further evidence for the proposed mechanism.

Gold amides as anticancer drugs: synthesis and activity studies.

Modular gold amide chemotherapeutics: Access to modern chemotherapeutics with robust and flexible synthetic routes that are amenable to extensive customisation is a key requirement in drug synthesis and discovery. A class of chiral gold amide complexes featuring amino acid derived ligands is reported herein. They all exhibit in vitro cytotoxicity against two slow growing breast cancer cell lines with limited toxicity towards normal epithelial cells.

Insights into the mechanism for gold catalysis: behaviour of gold(I) amide complexes in solution.

We report the synthesis and activity of new mononuclear and dinuclear gold amide complexes 1-7. The dinuclear complexes 6b and 7 were characterised by single crystal X-ray analysis. We also report solution NMR and freezing point depression experiments to rationalise their behaviour in solution and question the de-ligation process invoked in gold catalysis.

A synthesis of an ionomycin calcium complex.

Caught in the middle: The ionomycin calcium complex (see structure; O red, Ca green) was the target of an approach featuring the efficient asymmetric synthesis of an allene by a copper(I)-mediated anti-selective S(N)2' reaction, a highly stereoselective gold(III)-catalyzed cycloisomerization of an alpha-hydroxyallene, and a Rh-catalyzed rearrangement of an alpha-diazo-beta-hydroxyketone.

Multicomponent cascade reactions: sequential [1 + 4] and [2 + 3] cycloadditions for the generation of heterocyclic ring systems.

[reaction: see text]. A novel intermolecular nitrile oxide cycloaddition sequence has been developed for the formation of highly substituted heterocyclic rings. Reaction of trimethylsilyl cyanide with epoxides generates isonitriles which can react with nitroalkenes to form N-(isoxazolylidene)alkylamines. After fragmentation to nitrile oxides, the dipoles can undergo intermolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions with electron deficient dipolarophiles to generate substituted isoxazolines in one synthetic operation.

Parent relationships and compliance in cystic fibrosis.

INTRODUCTION: Marital adjustment, family characteristics, and parent-child stress and compliance with treatment were investigated in 41 families with a preadolescent child (age 3 to 11 years) who had cystic fibrosis (CF). METHOD: Mothers completed the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evolution Scale, and the short form of the Parenting Stress Index. Parents and medical staff completed questionnaires assessing the child's compliance with diet/nutritional intake, vitamins, pancreatic enzymes, other medications (such as oral antibiotics), and chest physiotherapy. RESULTS: Preadolescents with CF were viewed as generally cooperative with most aspects of treatment. Parental ratings of compliance with dietary and nutritional intake were associated with increased marital consensus and decreased parenting stress. Medical staff ratings of dietary compliance, medication compliance, and chest physiotherapy compliance were associated with lower parenting stress. DISCUSSION: Parent-child stress and lack of agreement between parents is associated with problems in compliance with treatment, which may have an adverse impact on the disease and health status of the child with CF.

Effects of preoperative ambulatory gynecological education: clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Because of the limited access to health care providers in ambulatory care, individual patients must assume presurgical and postsurgical responsibility for their own well-being. The purpose of this study was to identify optimal methods of preparing patients for surgery. The clinical outcomes, length of stay in PACU, and satisfaction of two groups of patients were compared using an experimental design. Thirty patients who were scheduled for laparoscopic tubal ligation were randomly assigned to either the experimental (structured) or control (unstructured) education program. Clinical data about return to baseline vital signs, use of analgesics, experiences of nausea and vomiting, and length of stay in PACU were assessed via retrospective chart review. Patient satisfaction with the instruction program was measured by a telephone interview using the Patient Satisfaction Index. Results of t-tests, repeated measures (ANOVA), and sign tests identified no significant differences concerning clinical outcomes except for analgesics requested and received. Time between Phase I and Phase II and discharge was not statistically significant. Future research is needed on major ambulatory surgical procedures combined with an alternate method to assess attitudinal data.

Breast health promotion: behaviors of midlife women.

The breast is one of the leading sites of invasive cancer. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between health locus of control, perceived self-efficacy, demographic health characteristics, and the degree to which they explain the current and future practice of breast self-exam and mammography screening. Data were collected during 1992. Eighty-six women participating in a clinical breast exam and mammography screening program at an ambulatory women's center in a large metropolitan teaching hospital in the Midwest voluntarily completed four questionnaires. Hierarchical regression and discriminant analysis demonstrated that perceived self-efficacy was a significant predictor of health-promotion behavior, and health-promoting lifestyle and locus of control were the most influential predictors of intent for breast self-examination and ongoing mammography.

Preparation for ambulatory surgery: a patient education program.

New experiences for patients and new role responsibilities for nurses emerge in the ambulatory surgical setting. Due to limited access to health care providers, individual patients must assume presurgical and postsurgical responsibility for their own well-being and self-care. Patient education that focuses on the perioperative experiences associated with ambulatory surgery is necessary to assist the patient's recovery efforts. This article will analyze the numerous steps involved in creating and evaluating a patient education program that prepares an adult patient for ambulatory surgery. The Systems Evaluation of Patient Education model developed by Rankin and Duffy will be used to illustrate how a PACU nurse systematically proceeded to examine needs, identify resources, implement the instructional program, and analyze outcomes.

Teaching patients with peripheral vascular disease.

The teaching of a patient with peripheral vascular disease offers many challenges to the nurse. Although content should be understood and utilized by the patient and significant others, of primary importance is the belief that the learner is the curriculum and that his perception of self and his problems is the focus of teaching. The learning needs generally should be considered as the needs of an adult individual, who has many past experiences and an interest in the present and future. This patient may experience pain from his disease and may require the assistance and support of others. If the purpose of treatment is to improve circulation and prevent trauma and infection, then patient instruction must be recognized as a vital tool in therapy. But the nurse cognizant of the progressiveness of peripheral vascular disease must capitalized on the teachable moments--when the patient is ready and the learning is needed.