Effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on the salivary flow of patients with hyposalivation induced by radiotherapy in the head and neck region-A randomised clinical trial.

Hyposalivation is a frequent complication after treatment with radiotherapy. To evaluate the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on the hyposalivation assessed through stimulated salivary flow (SSF). In this clinical trial, 68 patients (with hyposalivation) were randomly assigned to control (n = 31) or TENS (n = 37) group. Participants in control group received habitual care, while those in TENS group received 8 sessions (20 minutes each) delivered twice a week for four weeks. The electrodes were attached over the skin covering the salivary glands. The electric pulse was adjusted at a frequency of 50 Hz, pulse width of 250 µs and as intense as tolerated. SSF was evaluated through sialometry. Self-perception of salivary flow (SPSF) and quality of life (QL) was evaluated prior to, during and at 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment. Although no changes were observed in the control group for SSF at any timepoints, TENS group showed a progressive increase in SSF from the third session until the end of the treatment. Significant improvements were also found in SPSF, especially when the SSF reached values ≥0.7 mL/minute. The most expressive results were evident at 6 months after treatment so that SSF, SPSF and QL remained significantly higher (F = 9.5, P = 0.0001; H = 143.77, P < 0.0001; χ2  = 9.162, P = 0.02, respectively). TENS was effective at improving hyposalivation. The benefits on SSF, SPSF and QL give base to a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with hyposalivation after radiotherapy treating head and neck cancer.

Fibra dietética e gordura saturada: relação entre marcadores bioquímicos da síndrome metabólica / Dietary fiber and saturated fat: relation between biochemical markers of metabolic syndrome

Aims: To relate the consumption of dietary fiber and saturated fat to biochemical markers in individuals with metabolic syndrome.Methods: The database of this cross-sectional study consisted of both male and female adults diagnosed with metabolic syndrome, according to the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III, who participated in a study at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul. Data on all individuals registered at baseline who had complete information about their food intake were used. Consumption of dietary fiber and saturated fat was calculated based on the information provided by a 24-hour recall survey and a two-day food record. We evaluated the subjects in general and stratified by gender. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Student's t test. The correlation between fiber and saturated fat intake and biochemical markers was measured by Pearson's correlation coefficient. The significance level was set at 5%.Results: There were 79 individuals whose records contained complete information and who were eventually included in the study. A significant positive correlation was observed between saturated fat intake and serum triglyceride levels (r=0.30; p=0.008) and between saturated fat intake and insulin (r=0.26; p=0.021). Also, a significant inverse correlation was observed between fiber intake and serum levels of HDL cholesterol (r=-0.28; p=0.011). When stratified by gender, the positive correlation between consumption of saturated fat and triglycerides remained significant only among men (r=0.44; p=0.034).Conclusions: In this population diagnosed with metabolic syndrome, lower levels of HDL cholesterol were found in individuals who referred higher intake of dietary fiber, while individuals who reported elevated consumption of saturated fat had higher levels of insulin and triglycerides. In the gender-stratified analysis, positive correlation was found only between saturated fat consumption and serum triglyceride levels in men.

Objetivos: Relacionar o consumo de fibra alimentar e de gordura saturada com marcadores bioquímicos em indivíduos portadores de síndrome metabólica.Métodos: A base de dados deste estudo transversal foi formada por adultos de ambos os sexos com diagnóstico de síndrome metabólica conforme o National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III, participantes de um estudo realizado na Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram utilizados os dados de todos os indivíduos cadastrados na linha de base que possuíam informações completas sobre o consumo alimentar. O consumo de fibra alimentar e de gordura saturada foi apurado a partir das informações obtidas de um recordatório alimentar 24 horas e de um registro alimentar de dois dias. Foram avaliados os sujeitos de forma geral e estratificados por sexo. A análise de dados foi realizada por estatística descritiva e teste t de Student. A correlação entre o consumo de fibras e de gordura saturada com marcadores bioquímicos foi obtida através do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Foi utilizado nível de significância de 5%.Resultados: Foram encontrados 79 indivíduos cujos registros continham as informações completas, sendo incluídos no estudo. Observou-se correlação positiva significativa do consumo de gordura saturada com níveis séricos de triglicerídeos (r=0,30; p=0,008) e com insulina (r=0,26; p=0,021). Além disso, observou-se correlação inversa significativa entre consumo de fibras e níveis séricos de HDL-colesterol (r=-0,28; p=0,011). Quando estratificados os indivíduos por sexo, observou-se que a correlação positiva entre consumo de gordura saturada e nível de triglicerídeos manteve-se significativa apenas entre os homens (r=0,44; p=0,034).Conclusões: Nessa população com diagnóstico de síndrome metabólica, foram encontrados níveis mais baixos de HDL-colesterol nos indivíduos que referiam maior consumo de fibra alimentar, enquanto os indivíduos que relataram elevado consumo de gordura saturada tiveram níveis mais altos de insulina e de triglicerídeos. Na análise estratificada por sexo, correlação positiva foi encontrada apenas entre consumo de gordura saturada e níveis séricos de triglicerídeos em homens.

Nutritional adequacy in subjects with metabolic syndrome / La adecuación nutricional en sujetos con síndrome metabólico

Introduction: The nutritional approach in the treatment of metabolic syndrome is a fundamental factor. It is important to raise awareness to patients about the benefits of following the treatments when you want to promote changes in lifestyle. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess nutritional adequacy in subjects with metabolic syndrome according to the dietary recommendations prescribed. Methods: Quasi-experimental research with 72 subjects with metabolic syndrome, held in southern Brazil. A nutritional orientation was conducted, related or not with physical exercise for three months. A 24-hour recall and two-day food record, were the reference method of dietary intake assessment. Nutritional adequacy was determined by the energy and nutrient intakes as defined by the Brazilian Food Guide Pyramid groups. Results: Volunteers reached on average 80% of the energy consumption recommended. Protein and lipid intake was higher, and carbohydrate consumption was lower than recommended levels. There was a low intake of cereals, vegetables, dairy product and beans (p<0.001)as compared with the recommended servings. A high consumption of meat (p<0.001) and an adequate intake of fruit (p=0.149) were observed. Conclusion: The dietary intake was insufficient to meet the recommendation of energy, although the goal for weight loss was achieved. Still, the results show themed for a balance in food intake and quality of the diet to achieve nutritional adequacy (AU)

Introducción: La terapia nutricional en el tratamiento del síndrome metabólico es un factor clave. Es importante educar los pacientes sobre los beneficios de seguir el tratamiento cuando se quiere promover cambios en el estilo de vida. Objetivo: El objetivo fue evaluar la adecuación nutricional en individuos con síndrome metabólico de acuerdo con las recomendaciones dietéticas prescritas. Métodos: Un ensayo clínico con 72 sujetos con síndrome metabólico, llevados a cabo en el sur de Brasil. Asesoramiento nutricional se llevó a cabo, asociada o no con el ejercicio físico durante tres meses. Un retiro de alimentos de 24 horas, y un registro de alimentos de dos días fueron los métodos de referencia para el consumo de alimentos. La adecuación nutricional se determinó mediante la ingesta de energía y nutrientes, grupos de alimentos definidos por la Pirámide de Alimentos del Brasil. Results: Los voluntarios alcanzado un promedio del80% del consumo de energía se recomienda. La ingestión de proteínas y lípidos fue mayor de lo esperado, y la ingesta de hidratos de carbono fue inferior a los niveles recomendados. Hubo una baja ingesta de cereales, verduras, productos lácteos y frijoles (p <0,001) en comparación con las porciones recomendadas. Se observaron un alto consumo de carne (p <0,001) y la ingesta de fruta adecuada (p = 0,149).Conclusión: El consumo dietético fue insuficiente para cumplir con las recomendaciones de la energía, aunque se logró la meta de pérdida de peso. Aún así, los resultados muestran la necesidad de un equilibrio de la ingesta de alimentos y calidad de la dieta para lograr la adecuación nutricional (AU)

Treinamento (Entrenamiento) muscular inspiratório para o controle (el control) autonômico de indivíduos saudáveis (sanos) / Inspiratory muscle training in autonomic control in healthy individuals

Verificar o efeito (el efecto) agudo de diferentes sobrecargas de treinamento (entrenamiento) muscular inspiratório (TMI) sobre a (la) modulação autonômica cardiovascular em indivíduos saudáveis.Métodos: Ensaio (Ensayo) clínico randomizado cruzado. Foram (Fueron) incluídos voluntários saudáveis (sanos) entre 18 e 35 anos. A variabilidade da (de la) frequência cardíaca (VFC) foi analisada antes e após o (y después del) TMI a os (a los) 10 minutos, 60 minutos e 24 horas (agudo, subagudo e tardio, respectivamente). A força (La fuerza) muscular inspiratória foi avaliada (fue evaluada) através da (de la)medida de pressão inspiratória máxima (PImáx) com a utilização do (del) manovacuômetro digital MVD300 (Microhard System®, Globalmed, Porto Alegre, Brasil). O TMI foi realizado à 30% e 60% da PImáx ajustados no (en el) dispositivo pressórico linear Power breathe®. Resultados: Foram avaliados dezenove (diecinueve) indivíduos (47% homens, 25 ± 5 anos). Na (En la) fase aguda apenas com 60% da PImá houve redução (hubo una reducción) significativa da variabilidade dos (de los) intervalos RR e no (y enel) componente de alta frequência (HFnu), en quanto que o (mientras que el) componente de baixa(baja) frequência (LFnu) e o balanço (y el equilibrio) autonômico (LF/HF) aumentaram significativamente.Na (En la) fase subaguda, o mesmo comportamento foi observado para HFnu, LFnu, LF/HF. Quando comparadas as (Cuando se compararon las) sobrecargas, houve (hubo) aumento significativo na (en la) magnitude do efeito a 60% PImáx para NN50, LF/HF, LFnu, HFnu na fase aguda, bem como, para (así como para) RR, NN50, LFnu e HFnu na fase subaguda (p < 0.05). Conclusão: Agudamente, o efeito doTMI à 60% da PImáx foi maior deslocando a (fue más grande, desplazando la) modulação autonômicado sistema cardiovascular em indivíduos saudáveis para um predomínio simpático...

Nutritional adequacy in subjects with metabolic syndrome.

INTRODUCTION: The nutritional approach in the treatment of metabolic syndrome is a fundamental factor. It is important to raise awareness to patients about the benefits of following the treatments when you want to promote changes in lifestyle. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess nutritional adequacy in subjects with metabolic syndrome according to the dietary recommendations prescribed. METHODS: Quasi-experimental research with 72 subjects with metabolic syndrome, held in southern Brazil. A nutritional orientation was conducted, related or not with physical exercise for three months. A 24-hour recall and two-day food record, were the reference method of dietary intake assessment. Nutritional adequacy was determined by the energy and nutrient intakes as defined by the Brazilian Food Guide Pyramid groups. RESULTS: Volunteers reached on average 80% of the energy consumption recommended. Protein and lipid intake was higher, and carbohydrate consumption was lower than recommended levels. There was a low intake of cereals, vegetables, dairy product and beans (p<0.001) as compared with the recommended servings. A high consumption of meat (p<0.001) and an adequate intake of fruit (p=0.149) were observed. CONCLUSION: The dietary intake was insufficient to meet the recommendation of energy, although the goal for weight loss was achieved. Still, the results show the need for a balance in food intake and quality of the diet to achieve nutritional adequacy.

Introducción: La terapia nutricional en el tratamiento del síndrome metabólico es un factor clave. Es importante educar los pacientes sobre los beneficios de seguir el tratamiento cuando se quiere promover cambios nel estilo de vida. Objetivo: El objetivo fue evaluar la adecuación nutricional en individuos con síndrome metabólico de acuerdo con las recomendaciones dietéticas prescritas. Métodos: Un ensayo clínico con 72 sujetos con síndrome metabólico, llevados a cabo en el sur de Brasil. Asesoramiento nutricional se llevó a cabo, asociada o no con el ejercicio físico durante tres meses. Un retiro de alimentos de 24 horas, y un registro de alimentos de dos días fueron los métodos de referencia para el consumo de alimentos. La adecuación nutricional se determinó mediante la ingesta de energía y nutrientes, grupos de alimentos definidos por la Pirámide de Alimentos del Brasil. Results: Los voluntarios alcanzado un promedio del 80% del consumo de energía se recomienda. La ingestión de proteínas y lípidos fue mayor de lo esperado, y la ingesta de hidratos de carbono fue inferior a los niveles recomendados. Hubo una baja ingesta de cereales, verduras, productos lácteos y frijoles (p.