RESUMO
The present study compared 532 adolescents being detained by country juvenile authorities to 354 adolescents attending public school in reference to the volume of delinquent activity committed for a period of one year prior to the survey. Four levels of delinquent activity were developed, ranging from minor offenses such as runaway behavior to serious offenses such as assault. Participants were also compared on how they responded to several Likert-type questions that measured factors associated with the inclination to commit delinquent acts (anomie, social bonding, delinquent peer association, labeling, and self-esteem). This comparison provided information on the multiple pathways to delinquency which suggested forms of intervention.
Assuntos
Delinquência Juvenil/psicologia , Adolescente , Anomia (Social) , Feminino , Humanos , Controle Interno-Externo , Delinquência Juvenil/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Grupo Associado , Prisioneiros/psicologia , Psicometria , Autoimagem , Comportamento Social , EstereotipagemRESUMO
One hundred and thirty hepatic resections performed over an 8-year period were reviewed for evidence of postoperative intra-abdominal sepsis. Of 126 patients who survived for more than 24 hours after operation, 36 developed culture positive intra-abdominal collections (28.6%). Significant independent variables associated with the development of intra-abdominal sepsis were diagnoses of trauma or cholangiocarcinoma, and the need for reoperation to control hemorrhage during the postoperative period. Before 1984, infected fluid collections were treated predominantly by operative drainage, but this has largely been replaced by percutaneous methods, which have proven effective in most cases. Eighteen (50%) of the infections were caused by a mixed bacterial culture, with Streptococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli being the most common isolates. Six patients with clinical signs of sepsis had a sterile fluid collection drained with complete relief of symptoms. This review suggests that intra-abdominal sepsis is a frequent complication after hepatic resection, and can often be managed successfully by nonoperative percutaneous drainage.
Assuntos
Abdome , Abscesso/etiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/etiologia , Hepatectomia/efeitos adversos , Infecções Estafilocócicas/etiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/etiologia , Abscesso/terapia , Adulto , Drenagem/métodos , Enterococcus faecalis , Humanos , Reoperação , Fatores de Risco , Staphylococcus epidermidisRESUMO
The communication skills basic to good medical practice are, for many of us, unnatural. The authors attempt to address aspects of the matter with particular reference to communication across ethnic boundaries.
Assuntos
Comunicação , Etnicidade , Relações Médico-Paciente , Educação Médica , HumanosRESUMO
Cytokinin activity based on two bioassays was at least 100-fold higher in Psychotria punctata leaf discs with bacterial nodules than in discs without them. Nodulated discs from young leaves yielded 0.4 to 6 mug of cytokinin (zeatin equivalents) per g fresh weight of leaf tissue, whereas non-nodulated discs from the same leaves yielded 0 to 0.003 mug per g fresh weight. These estimates probably include free-base cytokinins and, if present, any nucleoside cytokinins precipitable by acidic silver nitrate. Cytokinin concentrations in Psychotria leaf nodules appear to be higher than normally found in green leaves of other plants. In l-butanol-acetic acid-water (12:3:5, v/v), the one peak of activity chromatographed with an R(F) similar to zeatin's, but both number and identity of the active substance(s) remain unknown. These findings suggest that a cytokinin is produced by bacteria in leaf nodules of P. punctata and that it is involved in the symbiosis.
