Ischaemic versus non-ischaemic: how does heart failure aetiology affect pulmonary arterial capacitance and pulmonary artery pulsatility index in end-stage heart failure?

BACKGROUND: The aetiology of heart failure may have different effects on right ventricular (RV) function, pulmonary pressures and RV afterload. Pulmonary arterial capacitance (PAC) and pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPi) are novel haemodynamic indices used in determining RV afterload and RV function, respectively. We aimed to investigate whether there was a difference in PAC and PAPi between ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP) and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy (NICMP) in patients with end-stage heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 215 subjects undergoing evaluation for heart transplantation or left ventricular (LV) assist device were classified into two groups: ICMP (n = 101) and NICMP (n = 114). The patients with LV ejection fraction ≤ 25% were included in the study. ICMP group had lower PAC and higher PAPi values compared to NICMP group [1.25 (0.82-1.86) vs. 1.58 (1.02-2.21), p = 0.002 and 3.4 (2.2-5.0) vs. 2.5 (1.7-4.0); p = 0.007]. Pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary artery systolic and mean pressure were higher in ICMP group compared to NICMP group [3.5 ± 1.8 vs. 2.9 ± 2.3, p = 0.004; 59.0 (42.0-73.0) vs. 46.0 (37.0-59.0), p < 0.001, 35.0 (27.0-46.0) vs. 31.0 (23.0-39.0), p = 0.002]. The patients with ICMP had higher tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and less RV dilatation. ICMP was an independent risk factor for pulmonary hypertension (OR: 4.02, 95% CI: 1.13-14.24, p = 0.031). CONCLUSION: ICMP was associated with lower PAC and higher PAPi. These results indicated that an ischaemic aetiology is associated with higher RV afterload and better RV function in the end-stage heart failure.

Prognostic significance of malnutrition scores in elderly patients for the prediction of contrast-induced acute kidney injury.

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition reflects the general condition of a patient including physical condition, protein turnover, and immune competence. Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a disorder that adversely affects the prognosis of older adults. In our study, we aimed to show the relationship between CI-AKI and malnutrition status in elderly patients over 65 years of age with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: Study enrolled 360 consecutive patients with coronary angiography performed because of chronic coronary artery disease. Patients pre-procedural and post-procedural blood samples were taken and prognostic nutritional index (PNI), controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score, and geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) malnutrition scores were calculated. RESULTS: The median age of the patients included in the study was 69 (67-72, IQR) and CI-AKI was seen in 91 (25.2%) patients. Univariate regression analysis showed that age, diabetes mellitus, baseline creatinine, body weight-adapted contrast agent, haemoglobin, left ventricular ejection fraction, CONUT score, PNI score, and GNRI score were independent predictors of CI-AKI. In model 1, increase in CONUT score (2 to 5) (OR: 3.21 (2.11-4.88), in model 2, increase in PNI score (37.4 to 45) (OR: 0.34, (0.24-0.49)), and in model 3, increase in GNRI score (89.5 to 103.8) (OR: 0.55, (0.38-0.81)) were independently associated with the presence of CI-AKI. PNI showed better results than other models in discriminating the predictable capability for CI-AKI. CONCLUSION: Malnutrition assessment of elderly patients before performing diagnostic or interventional coronary procedures could help clinicians to identify patients with elevated risk for CI-AKI.

Evaluation of index of cardiac-electrophysiological balance as arrhythmia predictor in bonsai users.

BACKGROUND: Synthetic cannabinoids are part of a group of drugs called new psychoactive substances. The increase in substance use among young adults is becoming a major problem in the world. In this study we aimed to investigate the effects of synthetic cannabinoid drugs such as bonsai to electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters, in patients who were admitted to emergency service with self-reported usage of bonsai. METHODS: Seventy-two patients (68 males; mean age 33.8±11.8) with self-reported use of bonsai and 27 (22 males; mean age 37.1±8.7) age and sex-matched healthy control group enrolled the study. ECG parameters and rhythm holter were measurements calculated in both groups. RESULTS: Groups were age and sex matched. Glucose, potassium, white blood cell count, heart rate end smoking status was significantly different in patients compared to control group. P wave max time, P wave min. time, P wave dispersion, QT max. time QT dispersion, QT corrected time and index of cardiac-electrophysiological balance measurements (iCEB) were significantly different in groups of patients. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent predictors of ≥30 Ventricular premature beat (VPB)/h using parameters found to be associated with ≥30 VPB/h in a univariate analysis (potassium, QTmax time, QTc, QRS time, iCEB).In a multivariate analysis, independent predictors of ≥30 VPB/h were potassium (Odds ratio [OR]: 0.107, 95% CI: 0.024-0.481;P=0.004) and iCEB (OR: 4.474, 95% CI: 1.752-11.429;P=0.002). In generalize linear model ß-coefficient value of interaction terms between K*iCEB has no important effect on ventricular premature beats. CONCLUSIONS: If the results are confirmed in further studies, iCEB seems to be a simple, easily measurable and non-invasive marker to predict cannabinoid-induced ventricular arrhythmias.

Coronary artery fistula detected with transesophageal echocardiography: An unexpected cause of pulmonary hypertension and chest pain.

Coronary artery fistulae are congenital cardiac abnormalities characterized by an abnormal communication between a coronary artery and a cardiac chamber, systemic or pulmonary vessel. Most of the cases are asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally during an angiography. We describe a rare case of a right coronary artery fistula draining to the right atrium, manifesting in chest pain and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The fistula was detected on transesophageal echocardiography during the workup for PAH.

Association of the SYNTAX Score II with cardiac rupture in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing a primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

BACKGROUND: Despite advances in reperfusion strategies, medical therapy, and emergent surgery, cardiac rupture (CR) is still a major lethal complication. Numerous parameters have been found to be associated with CR development after a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). SYNTAX Score (SS) and SYNTAX Score II (SSII) have been studied in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients, and higher scores have been associated with higher mortality. However, the relationship between CR and SSII is unclear. This study investigates the possible relationship between CR and SS, SSII in STEMI patients treated with pPCI. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We enrolled 1663 consecutive STEMI patients treated with pPCI, who were divided into two groups according to CR development and compared with each other. Patients were further stratified into the three groups according to their SSII values. RESULTS: In this study, 33 (1.98%) patients developed CR. Both SS and SSII of those with CR were significantly higher than those without (19.27±4.0 vs. 16.40±4.55; P<0.001 and 49.40±16.54 vs. 30.92±11.80; P<0.001, respectively). It was also observed that CR increased gradually according to increasing SSII tertiles. SSII was found to be an independent predictor for CR (odds ratio=1.043, 95% confidence interval: 1.012-1.074; P=0.006). In the long-term follow-up, all-cause mortality was significantly higher in patients with CR than those without (60.6 vs. 8.8%; P<0.001). CONCLUSION: This study shows that SSII is an independent predictor for CR. Furthermore, patients with CR were associated with a poor prognosis. Closer follow-up of patients with high SSII may be useful in the early detection and treatment of this fatal complication.

Propensity score matching analysis of the impact of Syntax score and Syntax score II on new onset atrial fibrillation development in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: New-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) is a common complication in the setting of ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and worsened short/long-term prognosis. Several clinical parameters have already been associated with NOAF development. However, relationship between NOAF and coronary artery disease (CAD) severity in STEMI patients is unclear. This study evaluates the relationship between NOAF and CAD severity using Syntax score (SS) and Syntax score II (SSII) in STEMI patients who were treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). METHOD: We enrolled 1,565 consecutive STEMI patients who were treated with pPCI. Patients with NOAF were compared to patients without NOAF in the entire study population and in a matched population defined by propensity score matching. RESULTS: Patients with NOAF had significantly higher SS and SSII than those without, both in the matched population (18.6 ± 4 vs 16.75 ± 3.6; p < .001 and 42 ± 13.4 vs 35.1 ± 13.1; p < .001, respectively), and in all study population (18.6 ± 4 vs 16.5 ± 4.6; p < .001 and 42 ± 13.3 vs 31.5 ± 11.9; p < .001 respectively). SSII, compared to its components, was the only independent predictor of NOAF (OR: 1,041 95% CI: 1.015-1.068; p = .002). In the long-term follow-up, all-cause long-term mortality was significantly higher in patients with NOAF than those without NOAF (23.3% vs. 11%; p = .032). CONCLUSION: This is the first study to comprehensively examine the relationship between NOAF development and CAD severity using SS and SSII. We demonstrated that, in STEMI patients, high SSII was significantly related to NOAF and was an independent predictor of NOAF. Furthermore, patients with NOAF were associated with poor prognosis.

Relationship between R-wave peak time and no-reflow in ST elevation myocardial infarction treated with a primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

OBJECTIVES: Coronary no-reflow (NR) is observed in nearly half of ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients who undergo a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) despite epicardial coronary vessel patency. Several methods used to define NR include thrombolysis in myocardial infarction grade, corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count, myocardial blush grade, ST-segment resolution, contrast echocardiography, and MRI. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between NR and R-wave peak time (RWPT) measured from infarct-related artery leads METHOD: We enrolled 282 consecutive STEMI patients treated with pPCI in Kafkas University Hospital from January 2014 to January 2015. After exclusion, the remaining 233 patients were included in the study population RESULTS: Patients were divided into two groups according to the development of NR. We observed that increased preprocedural (31 (27-37) vs 27 (21-30) p<0,001) and postprocedural RWPT(35±7 vs 22±6 p<0,001) was associated with the development of NR and preprocedural RWPT(OR: 1.254 95% CI: 1.104-1.425 p<0,001) was found to be independent predictor of NR. The association between postprocedural RWPT and angiographic NR was statistically noninferior to that between ST-segment resolution % and NR(difference between area under curves: 0.0232, p= 0.38) CONCLUSION: the present study is the first to report a significant correlation between NR and RWPT in STEMI patients treated with primary pPCI.