Infrared Fluorescent Angiography during Experimental Trachea Transplantation.

Indocyanine green fluorescence was used for evaluation of the degree of trachea revascularization after its autotransplantation in rabbits (transplantation of 1- and 2-cm segment of the trachea). Intravenous administration of indocyanine green was followed by a significant fluorescence of the substance in microvessels of the trachea over 30-40 sec. Immediately after surgery, fluorescence in the implanted segment was absent, but within 7 days it was completely restored in rabbits receiving transplantation of a 1-cm segment. After transplantation of 2-cm segment of the trachea, fluorescence did not recover, which corresponded to the clinical picture and autopsy results. Thus, fluorescent angiography is an informative method for evaluation of trachea revascularization.

[Applying HIFU for the obliteration of the veins in the experiment ].

The effect of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) on venous wall structure was studied in the rabbit model. Special setup was developed for ultrasound generation and vessel targeting. Methods. The essential part of the setup is spherical focusing power irradiator with following characteristics: power supply voltage of 25 V, frequency of 1.9 MHz, ultrasound intensity in the focal spot ~8.7 kW/cm2. Results. Single 15-s exposure of the femoral vein to HIFU resulted in partial desquamation of the endothelium, vacuolization of myocyte cytoplasm, misarrangement and coagulation of collagen fibers. Pulsed HIFU (5 pulses for 5 s each) caused protein coagulation in all layers of venous wall (v. cava posterior) as well as the appearance of the areas of fibrinoid necrosis, severe endothelial desquamation, and intimal detachment. HIFU-induced collagen structural changes in media and adventitia of the vein suggest that HIFU exposure resulted in local temperature increase up to ~60°Ð¡. In some experiments, adjacent to the vein muscles were also exposed to HIFU. In this case, edema of the interstitium and muscle fibers was registered, as well as fragmentation and coagulation of some fibers, altered staining patterns and neutrophil infiltration. These changes could be attributed to the development of acute muscle injury (acute fasciitis). Perivascular adipose tissue also demonstrated edema and lipolysis, red blood cell diapedesis, and leukocyte infiltration. Conclusion. The observations on structural changes in the venous wall after HIFU exposure could lay the ground for future experiments on HIFU - mediated obliteration.

[Comparative topographic anatomical assessment of the operative approaches to the bodies of lumbar vertebrae].

This investigation was aimed at the topographic anatomical comparison of operative approaches to the bodies of lumbar vertebrae according to A.Yu. Sozon-Yaroshevich quantitative criteria and the qualitative characteristic of traumaticity. Modeling of operative approaches according to P.G. Kornev, W.O. Southwick and R.A. Robinson, and V.D. Chaklin was performed on 50 human corpses of both sexes. Five variants of the position of abdominal aorta and inferior cava vein relative to the bodies of vertebrae are described, together with the variants of the interrelation between the lumbar vertebral segment, abdominal aorta and inferior cava vein, 3 variants of aortal bifurcation level and 3 variants of the level of the inferior cava vein formation. No quantitative differences were detected between the right- and left-sided variants of each approach and no significant interrelations between the values of A.Yu. Sozon-Yaroshevich's quantitative criteria and the constitution form (P>0.05). It is shown that from the point of view of topographic anatomical features, P.G. Kornev approach is least favorable. Concerning the approach to LIII, the best topographic anatomical characteristics belong to W.O. Southwick and R.A. Robinson approach, while V.D. Chaklin approach is preferable for the access to LIV.